<strong><span>一、填空。</span></strong><br><br><span>1.</span><span>(</span><span>a×b</span><span>)</span><span>×c=a×</span><span>(</span><span>b×c</span><span>)表示的运算定律是</span><span>________</span><span>,乘法分配律用字母写出来是</span><span>________</span><span>.</span><span> </span><br><br><span>2.</span><span>用简便方法计算</span><span>592</span><span>+</span><span>276</span><span>+</span><span>24</span><span>,要先算</span><span>________</span><span>,这是根据</span><span>________</span><span>律。</span><span> </span><br><br><span>3.0.27</span><span>里面有</span><span>________</span><span>个百分之一.</span><span> </span><br><br><span>4.</span><span>下面各数小数点移动后,扩大或缩小到原数的多少倍?</span><div><span><br></span><span>2.4</span><span>的小数点向左移动三位.</span><span>________</span><span>到原数的</span><span>________</span><span>.</span><span> </span><br><br><span>5.</span><span>不改变数的大小,把下面的数改写成三位小数。</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>0.9________ 2.09________ 22.85________</span></div><div><br><strong><span>二、判断。</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.</span><span>在计算时,小数部分末尾的零可以去掉。</span><span> </span><span>(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><span> </span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.</span><span>有两个角是锐角的三角形一定是</span><span>锐角三角形。(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><span> </span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.</span><span>计算小数加减法,只要末位对齐就行了。</span><span> </span><span>(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><span> </span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.</span><span>用三根长度分别为</span><span>5</span><span>厘米、</span><span>5</span><span>厘米和</span><span>11</span><span>厘米的绳子可以围成一个等腰三角形。(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><span> </span><br><br><span>5</span><span>.1.25×(0.</span><span>8</span><span>+</span><span>1)=1.25×0.</span><span>8</span><span>+</span><span>1 </span><span>(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><span> </span><br><br><strong><span>三、选择。</span></strong><br><br><span>1.</span><span>修凳子时常在旁边加固成三角形是运用了三角形的</span><span>( )</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A.</span><span>三条边的特性</span><span> B.</span><span>易变形的特性 </span>C.稳定不变形的特性</div><div><br><span>2.49×25×4</span><span>=</span><span>49×(25×4)</span><span>,这是根据</span><span>( </span><span>)</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A.</span><span>乘法交换律</span><span> B.</span><span>乘法分配律</span><span> C.</span><span>乘法结合律</span><br><br><span>3.</span><span>从上面看这组物体,看到的形状是( )</span><span> </span><span><br></span><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/20187220234.png?m=0.07164411044701491"><br><br><span>4.</span><span>有一个直角三角形,两个锐角分别是(</span><span> </span><span>)</span><br><br><span>A.48°</span><span>和</span><span>52 B.38°</span><span>和</span><span>42° C.48°</span><span>和</span><span>42 D.60°</span><span>和</span><span>35°</span><br><br><span>5.</span><span>两个小组比赛做仰卧起坐,成绩如下:第一小组有</span><span>4</span><span>人,一共做了</span><span>28</span><span>个,第二小组</span><span>4人,一共做了24个,( )小组的成绩好一些。 </span><br><br><span>A.第一小组 </span><span>B.第二小组 </span><span>C.无法比较</span><br><br><strong><span>四、计算。</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.直接写出得数。</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>0.7+0.3=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>15.8-4=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>4.6+5.4=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>8-0.08=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>3.54+3.4=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>36.45-6.45=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>3.7+3=________</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>5.28+4.72=________ </span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.列竖式计算,并验算。 </span><br><br><span>(1)12.45+0.76 </span><br><br><span>(2)40-0.83 </span><br><br><span>(3)5 1.4-14.87 </span><br><br><span>(4)5.2+2.82 </span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.脱式计算,能简算的写出简便运算过程. </span><br><br><span>(1)5+137+45+63+50 </span><br><br><span>(2)99×38+38 </span><br><br><span>(3)1200÷25÷4 </span><br><br><span>(4)800﹣138﹣162. </span><br><br><strong><span>五、动动手。</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.在下面的方格纸上,分别画出锐角三角形,直角三角形和钝角三角形各一个.</span><span><br></span><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872202520.png?m=0.49776911344882113"><br><br><span>2</span><span>.画出轴对称图形的另一半.</span></div><div><br></div><div><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872202714.png?m=0.2380707726136697"><br><br><span>3</span><span>.画出小鱼先向右平移6格,再向下平移5格,最后向左平移3格后得到的图形。</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/20187220264.png?m=0.2776551629668924"></div><div><br><strong><span>六、解决问题。</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.学校停车场有小轿车和三轮车共20辆,正好有76个轮子,小轿车和三轮车各有多少辆? </span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.有两种同样尺寸的盘子,一种每个4.8元,另一种每个5.2元.妈妈要买8个盘子,可以怎样买?一共要付多少钱?</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872202753.png?m=0.6298659252504397"><br><br><span>3</span><span>.观察统计图,再完成问题.</span><span><br></span><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872202836.png?m=0.8196600446297202"><br><br><span>(1)从图上看出男生学生人数最多的是________小组,女生人数最少的是________小组,________小组的总人数最多,________ 小组的总人数最少. </span><br><br><span>(2)通过计算,三个兴趣小组的总人数有________人,男生人数比女生人数多________人.数学小组再增加________人就和科技小组的人数一样多.</span><br><br><span>(3)你还能提出什么数学问题?________. </span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><strong><font color="#38761d">2018年小学四年级数学下册期末考试答案解析部分</font></strong></div><br><span><strong>一、填空。</strong></span><br><br><span>1.【答案】乘法结合律;(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c </span><br><br><span>【考点】运算定律与简便运算 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:(a×b)×c=a×(b×c)表示的运算定律是 乘法结合律; 乘法分配律用字母写出来是(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c.</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:乘法结合律,(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c.</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】乘法结合律:三个数相乘,先把</span><span>前两个数相乘,再乘另一个加数;或者先把后两个数相乘,再乘另一个加数,积不变;用字母表示为(a×b)×c=a×(b×c);</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>乘法分配律:两个数相加,再同第三个数相乘,等于把这个数分别同两个加数相乘,再把两个积相加,得数不变;用字母表示为:(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c;解答即可.</span><br><br><span>2.【答案】276+24;加法结合 </span><br><br><span>【考点】运算定律与简便运算 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:592+276+24=592+(276+24),要先算276+24,这是根据加法结合律.</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>故答案为:276+24;加法结合【分析】加法结合律:三个数相加,先把前两个数相加或先把后两个数相加,和不变;由此根据数字特点确定运算方法即可.</span><br><br><span>3.【答案】27</span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的读写、意义及分类 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】根据小数的意义可以知道,0.27里面有27个0.01,也就是27个百分之一,故本题的答案为:27.</span><span><br></span><span>【分析】直接去掉给出数字的小数点,并将整数部分的0去掉就可以得到本题的结果。</span><br><br><span>4.【答案】缩小;1/1000</span><br><br><span>【考点】小数点位置的移动与小数大小的变化规律 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】2.4的小数点向左移动三位,缩小到原数的</span>1/1000.</div><div><span>故答案为:缩小;</span>1/1000.</div><div><br></div><div><span>【分析】小数点向右移动一位、两位、三位……,原数扩大10倍、100倍、1000倍……;小数点向左移动一位、两位、三位……,原数缩小10倍、100倍、1000倍……,小数点向左移或者向右移</span><span>位数不够时,要用“0"补足位.</span><br><br><span>5.【答案】0.900;2.090;22.850</span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的性质及改写 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】0.9=0.900,2.09=2.090,22.85=22.850</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:0.900、2.090、22.850</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>【分析】</span><em><span>小数的基本性质</span></em><span>就是,在小数的末尾添上0或者去掉0,小数的大小不变。</span><br><br><span><strong>二、判断。</strong></span><br><br><span>1</span><span>.【答案】正确</span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的性质及改写,小</span><span>数大小的比较 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:根据小数的基本性质,判断为正确。</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:正确。</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>【分析】小数的基本性质:在小数的末尾添上“0”或者去掉“0”,小数的大小不变。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.【答案】错误 </span><br><br><span>【考点】三角形的分类 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:有两个角是锐角,并不能确定这个三角形的类型,原题说法错误.</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>故答案为:错误</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】最大角是锐角的三角形是锐角三角形,最大角是直角的三角形是直角三角形,最大角是钝角的三角形是钝角三角形.</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.【答案】错误 </span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的加法和减法 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】计算小数加减法,要小数点对齐,再相同数位相加减,根据</span><span>整数加减法的计算方法计算。</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>故答案为:错误【分析】计算小数加减法,要小数点对齐,再相同数位相加减,根据整数加减法的计算方法计算。</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.【答案】错误 </span><br><br><span>【考点】三角形的特性 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:5+5<11,不能围成三角形,原题说法错误.</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:错误</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>【分析】三角形任意两边之和大于第三边,任意两边之差小于第三边,由此根据三角形三边之间的关系判断即可.</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>.【答案】错误 </span><br><br><span>【考点】运算定律与简便运算 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】1.25×(0.8+1)=1.25×0.8+1.25×1,原题计算错误.</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:错误</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>【分析】观察数字和运算符号特点可知,此题要运用乘法分配律,用1.2</span><span>5分别与括号内的两个数相乘,然后再相加.</span><br><br><span><strong>三、选择。</strong></span><br><br><span>1.【答案】C </span><br><br><span>【考点】三角形的特性 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】修凳子时常在旁边加固成三角形是运用了三角形的稳定不变形的特性</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>故答案为:C</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】三角形的特性是三角形具有稳定性,</span><br><br><span>2.【答案】C </span><br><br><span>【考点】运算定律与简便运算 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:根据乘法的运算定律可知,这是运用了乘法结合律.</span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:C【分析】乘法结合律:三个数相乘,先把前两个数相乘,或者先把后两个数相乘,积不变.</span><br><br><span>3.【答案】B </span><br><br><span>【考点】从不同方向观察物体和几何体 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解: </span></div><div><span> </span><span><br></span><span>故答案为:B.</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】分别画出从不同侧面看到的图形,即可得出,从上面看有两排,里排有三个正方形,外排有两个正方形.</span><br><br><span>4.【答案】C </span><br><br><span>【考</span><span>点】三角形的分类 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】解:直角三角形两锐角的和是90°,选项C中两个角的和是90度.</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>故答案为:C.</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】直角三角形中有一个角是直角,剩余两个角的和是90度,据此解答即可.</span><br><br><span>5.【答案】A </span><br><br><span>【考点】平均数的含义及求平均数的方法 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】平均数才能真实的反映整体水平,所以,应该分别求出两个小组的平均数,再作一比较,第一小组:28÷4=7个,第二小组:24÷4=6个,所以第一小组成绩好一些,应该选A。【分析】平均数的含义及求平均数的方法有关的题目。</span><br><br><span><strong>四、计算。</strong></span><br><br><span>1</span><span>.【答案】1;11.8;10;7.92;6.94;30;6.7;10 </span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的加法和减法 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>解:0.7+0.3=1 15.8-4=11.8 </span>4.6+5.4=10</div><div><br></div><div>8-0.08=7.92 3.54+3.4=6.94 36.45-6.45=30</div><div><br></div><div>3.7+3=6.7 5.28+4.72=10</div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>故答案为:1;11.8;10;7.92;6.94;30;6.7;10</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】计算小数加减法时要把小数点对齐,计算加法时要注意进位情况,计算减法时要注意退位情况.</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.【答案】</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)解:13.21</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)解:39.17</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)解:36.53</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(4)解:8.02 </span><br><br><span>【考点】小数的加法和减法 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】</span></div><div><span><br></span><span><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872203323.png?m=0.9128930261356838"><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/20187220345.png?m=0.6726379276430814"><br><br></span><span>【分析】竖式计算小数加减法时,小数点对齐,满十进一,退一当十。</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.【答案】(1)解:5+137+45+63+50 =(5+45+50)+(137+63)</span><span><br></span><span>=100+200</span><span><br></span><span>=300</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>(2)解:99×38+38 =(99+1)×38</span><span><br></span><span>=100×38</span><span><br></span><span>=3800</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)解:1200÷25÷4 =1200÷(25×4)</span><span><br></span><span>=1200÷100</span><span><br></span><span>=12</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(4)解:800﹣138﹣162 =800﹣(138+162)</span><span><br></span><span>=800﹣300</span><span><br></span><span>=500 </span><br><br><span>【考点】</span><span>整数四则混合运算,运算定律与简便运算 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【分析】(1)根据加法交换律、结合律简算;(2)根据乘法分配律简算;(3)根据除法的性质简算;(4)根据减法的性质简算.</span><br><br><span><strong>五、动动手。</strong></span><br><br><span>1</span><span>.【答案】解:</span><span><br></span><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872203450.png?m=0.5470277433762638"><br><br><span>【考点】三角形的分类 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】最大的角是锐角的三角形是锐角三角形,最大的角是直角的三角形是直角三角形,最大的角是钝角的三角形是钝角三角形。依次画图.</span><span><br></span><span>【分析】根据锐角三角形,直角三角形,钝角三角形的定义画图。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.【答案】解:如图所示:</span></div><div><br></div><div><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872203526.png?m=0.3021944457164478"><br><br><span>【考点】作轴对称图形 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【分析】这道题考查的是轴对称图形的知识,解答此题的关键是要找到这个图形的各个点的对应点,然后把各个点连线即可。</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.【答案】</span></div><div><br></div><div><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872203614.png?m=0.012707441596089497"><br><br><span>【考点】作平移后的图形 </span><br><br><span>【解析】</span><br><br><span><strong>六、解决问题。</strong></span><br><br><span>1</span><span>.【答案】解:假设全是三轮车,</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>则小轿车有:(76﹣20×3)÷(4﹣3)</span><span><br></span></div><div>=(76﹣60)÷1<br></div><div><span>=16÷1</span><span><br></span><span>=16(辆),</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>三轮车:20﹣16=4(辆).</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>答:小轿车有16辆,三轮车有4辆. </span><br><br><span>【考点】鸡兔同笼 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【分析】假设全是三轮车,则共有的轮子数是20×3个,然后与实有的轮子数相比,就是因为每辆小轿车比三轮车多了(4﹣3)个轮子,由此求出小轿车的数量,进而求得三轮车的数量.据此解答.</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.【答案】解:</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>假设一个4.8元的盘子为A,一个5.2元的盘子为B,买两种盘子,一共买8个,可以有9种买法.</span><span><br></span><span><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0702/201872203722.png?m=0.19125162856390587"><br><br></span><span>第一种买法:8×5.2=41.6(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第</span><span>二种买法:1×4.8+7×5.2=41.2(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第三种买法:2×4.8+6×5.2=40.8(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第四种买法:3×</span><span>4.8+5×5.2=40.4(元</span><span>);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第五种买法:4×4.8+4×5.2=40(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第六种买法:5×4.8+3×5.2=39.6(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第七种买法:6×4.8+2×5.2=39.2(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第八种买法:7×4.8+1×5.2=38.8(元);</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>第九种买法:8×4.8=38.4(元).</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>答:可以有9中买法:第一种买法只买单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付41.6元;第二种买法是买1个单价是4.8元的盘子和7个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付41.2元;第三种买法是买2个单价是4.8元的盘子和6个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付40.8元;第四种买法是买3个单价是4.8元的盘子和5个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付40.4元;第五种买法是买4个单价是4.8元的盘子和4个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付40元;第六种买法是买5个单价是4.8元的盘子和3个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付39.6元;第七种买法是买6个单价是4.8元的盘子和2个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付39.2元;第八种买法是买7个单价是4.8元的盘子和1个单价是5.2元的盘子,一共要付38.8元;第九种买法是只买单价是4.8元的盘子,一共要付38.4元.</span><br><br><span>【</span><span>考点】小数四则混合运算,小数与整数相乘 </span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>【分析】用表格列出买的方法,再根据总价=单价×数量,求出每种买法花的总钱数即可.</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.【答案】</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)科技;数学;科技;数学</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)139;15;22</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)科技小组中男生比女生多几人。 </span><br><br><span>【考点】两种不同形式的复式条形统计图</span><br><br><span>【解析】【解答】</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)答:从图上看出男生学生人数最多的是科技小组,女生人数最少的是文艺小组,科技小组的总人数最多,数学 小组的总人数最少。</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)20+16+18+27+39+19=139(人);</span></div><div><br></div><div>(20+18+39)﹣(16+27+19)<span><br></span></div><div><span>=77﹣62</span><span><br></span><span>=15(人);</span><span><br></span><span>(39+19)﹣(20+16)</span><span><br></span><span>=58﹣36</span><span><br></span><span>=22(人)。</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>答:三个兴趣小组的总人数有 139人,男生人数比女生人数多 15人.数学小组再增加 22人就和科技小组的人数一样多。</span><span><br></span><span>通过计算,三个兴趣小组的总人数有 139人,男生人数比女生人数多 15人.数学小组再增加 22人就和科技小组的人数一样多。</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)问题:我还能提出如下问题:科技小组中男生比女生多几人?</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>39﹣19=20(人)</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>答:科技小组中男生比女生多20人。</span><span><br></span><span><br></span></div><div><span>【分析】</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)根据条形统计图所提供的数据可以看出各兴趣小数男、女生人数,哪个小组男生多,哪上小组女生多,从而计算出哪个小组人数最多,哪个小组人数最少。</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)三个兴趣小组男、女生人数之和就是三个兴趣小组的总人数;用三个兴趣小组男生人数之和减去女生人数之和;用科技小组人数减去数学小组人数。</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)还能提出如下数学问题:科技小组中男生比女生多几人?用科技小组男生人数减去女生人数。</span></div><div><span><br></span><span>故答案为:科技,数学,科技,数学,139,15,22,科技小组中男生比女生多几人.</span><br><br></div>
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