2015-2016学年小学六年级科学上学期期中学情检测试卷

<div style="text-align: center;"><strong><font color="#ff0000">2015-2016学年上期半期学情检测试题</font></strong></div><strong><font color="#ff0000"><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><span style="mso-hansi-font-weight:bold;"><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>六年级科学</strong></div></span></font></strong><br><div style="text-align: center;">(考试时间:50分钟,全卷满分:100分,考试形式:闭卷)</div><br><strong>一、填空:(30分)</strong><br><br>1、像水龙头这样,________和______固定在一起,可以转动的机械叫做轮轴.生活中运用轮轴原理的有&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;等.<br><br>2、定滑轮___________,但能改变用力的方向;动滑轮__________,但不能改变用力的方向.滑轮组既能________________,又能__________________。<br><br>3、像搭在汽车车厢上的木板那样的简单机械,叫做_________。&nbsp;<br><br>4、人体自然形成的结构非常巧妙&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>等部位有拱形的保护。<br><br>5、自行车的大齿轮带动小齿轮时,转动速度变<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;、小齿轮带动大齿轮时,转动速度变<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;。<br><br>6、建房时横梁都是&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>的。因为这样可以增加横梁的<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>度,从而增强横梁的&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>能力。<br><br>7、杠杆有&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>杠杆、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;杠杆和<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>杠杆。<br><br>8、建筑物的框架结构最基本的形状是<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>和&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>。<br><br>9、在拱桥中,桥面的位置可以在拱的<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>也可以在拱的<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>。<br><br>10、材料的抗弯曲能力和材料的<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>、<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;有关。<br><br>11、拱形各部分受到压力时会产生<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>和<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;的力。<br><br><strong>二、判断:(20分)</strong><br><br>1、自行车上应用了许许多多的机械原理,它不再是简单机械了。 (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>2、滑轮组越多越不省力。 (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>3、轮轴的轮越大越省力。&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;) &nbsp;<br><br>4、凡是杠杆都是省力的。( &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;)<br><br>5、圆顶形和球形是拱形的组合,所以可以承受更大的压力。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>6、钢索桥可以大大增加桥的跨度。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>7、许多桥梁建成拱形,主要是为了更加美观。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>8、三角形和四边形是最基本的框架,四边形框架的稳定性最好。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>9、鸡蛋近似于球形,因为这样可使它更坚固。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>10、葱管状的叶子,使它又结实又轻巧。(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br><strong>三、选择(在括号中填正确答案的序号)(20分)</strong><br><br>1、杠杆上都有三个点,在杠杆用力的点叫(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);杠杆克服阻力的位置叫(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);使杠杆能围绕着转动的位置叫(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br>A、支点 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;B、用力点 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;C、阻力点<br><br>2、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)不是根据桥的材料来命名的。<br><br>A、石桥 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;B、木桥 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C、浮桥 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;D、纸桥<br><br>3、下列各组机械中既不省力也不费力的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br>A、杠杆和天平&nbsp;&nbsp;B、天平和定滑轮C、杠杆和动滑轮<br><br>4、看一看,下面是什么实验装置图<br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2015/1124/20151124131419.png?m=0.08934322744607925"><br><br>A、轮轴 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;B、动滑轮 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;C、定滑轮 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;D、滑轮组<br><br>5、许多桥梁建成拱形,主要是为了(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><br>A.更加美观 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;B.更加牢固&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.节省材料&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>6、下列形状中最为坚固的形状是&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br>A、正方体&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B、长方体&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C、球形<br><br>7、框架结构的塔很牢固,主要是因为(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br>A、上小下大,上轻下重,支撑力大&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B、实心的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C、抗风能力弱&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>8、下列哪个框架不易变形。&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2015/1124/20151124131617.png?m=0.34143898473121226"><br><br>9、自行车上的刹车运用了(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的原理。<br><br>A、轮轴&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B、杠杆&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C、斜面<br><br>10、下边三种形状中的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)是增强抗弯曲能力实验中抗弯力最强的。<br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2015/1124/20151124131658.png?m=0.1258152020163834"><br><br><strong><span>四</span><span>、画一画(8分)</span></strong><br><br>下列两图各给你2个钩码,怎样使下面的杠杆尺达到平衡呢?请在下面图中画出来。<br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2015/1124/20151124131739.png?m=0.17573718656785786"><br><br><strong>五、实验研究题(14分)</strong><br><br>1、有表面光滑的4块木板,它们的长度分别是20cm、40cm、60cm、80cm&nbsp;,小红用它们搭在一个高10厘米的木块上,形成A、B、C、D四个坡度,再用测力计沿着斜面将250克的物体拉上去,得到如下数据:<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><br>斜面的状况<br></td><td><br>A<br></td><td><br>B<br></td><td><br>C<br></td><td><br>D<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>使用力的大小(N)<br></td><td><br>1.7<br></td><td><br>1.35<br></td><td><br>1.25<br></td><td><br>1.15<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br>请分析小红研究得到的数据,你发现了什么?(4分)<br><br><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">2、小明做“</span><span style="font-family: ‘‘; ">纸的抗弯曲能力</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">”实验结果记录如下:</span></div><div><font face="宋体"><br></font> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2"><br>纸的厚度<br></td><td><br>一张纸<br></td><td><br>两张纸<br></td><td><br>三张纸<br></td><td><br>四张纸<br></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><br>抗弯曲能力的大小(放垫圈的个数)<br></td><td><br>预测<br></td><td><br>1<br></td><td><br>4<br></td><td><br>8<br></td><td><br>12<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>实测<br></td><td><br>2<br></td><td><br>6<br></td><td><br>10<br></td><td><br>15<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; ">这是研究纸的</span><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>与抗弯曲能力大小的关系(2分)<br><br>(2)做这个实验的变量和不变量各是什么?(4分)<br><br>变量:&nbsp;<br><br>不变量:&nbsp;<br><br>(3)得出的结论是:(4分)<span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;"></span><br><br><strong>六、问答题(8分)</strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;"></span><br><br>1、分析下图中高耸入云的铁塔之所以牢固的原因?<br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2015/1124/20151124131834.png?m=0.48246360174380243"><br><br>2、两个力气大小差不多的同学用大螺丝刀比力气大小的游戏,握刀柄的与握刀杆的同学哪个会赢?为什么?<br><br></div>