粤教版小学六年级科学上册总复习题及答案

<div><div style="text-align: center;"><strong><font color="#ff0000">粤教版六年级上册科学复习题</font></strong></div><div><br></div><br>1.世界是由<span style="text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;物质&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>组成的,不断变化的<span style="text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>物质<span style="text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>构成了如此丰富多彩、绚烂美丽的世界。<br><br><span>2.物质的变化分两种:一类仅是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;形态 &nbsp; )的变化;(也叫物理变化);另一种是变化会产生(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;产生新物质 &nbsp;)。(也叫化学变化)。</span><br><br><span>3.物理变化与化学变化的不同点是:(&nbsp;&nbsp;不产生新物质 &nbsp; )</span><br><br><span>4.冰融化成(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),体积(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;变小&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),质量(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)改变。</span><br><br><span>5.&nbsp;因为(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)和(&nbsp;氧气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)是铁生锈的原因,所以杜绝这两样东西的方法就成了防止生锈的方法,防止铁生锈的方法常见的有</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;刷油漆&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;塑料薄膜包住&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;保持干燥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;隔绝氧气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>等。</span><br><br><span>6.在通常的情况下,可以燃烧的物质叫做</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可燃物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。比如液化气、火柴、煤、酒精、纸、木材等都是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;可以燃烧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。液化气、火柴、酒精、纸等则是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可燃物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>7.用烧杯罩在燃烧的蜡烛上,火会(&nbsp;熄灭&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),证明:火燃烧需要(氧气)。</span><br><br><span>8.&nbsp;物质燃烧需要的三个条件:</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;可燃物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氧气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(占空气中的21%)、达到燃烧所需的一定(最低)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;(也叫着火点)。</span><br><br><span>9.灭火的方法只需破坏燃烧条件中的任何一个即可。方法有:隔离</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可燃物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(移走其它油桶);隔绝</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(盖沙子、使用灭火器、盖上湿棉被);降低</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(用水灭火)。</span><br><br><span>10.各种各样的生物与</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="OLE_LINK1"></a><a name="OLE_LINK2">环境&nbsp;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>构成了一个统一的整体,相互制约又相互影响,每种生物都与周围的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;环境&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>有着密切的联系。植物的生活环境包括</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>阳光、温度、水分、肥料、空气(通风等。</span><br><br><span>12.&nbsp;仙人掌叶子变成</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;刺&nbsp;&nbsp;状&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,喜阳光,不耐寒,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;耐&nbsp;&nbsp;旱&nbsp;</span><span>力强</span><br><br><span>13.只有在适宜的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;环境&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>中,动物才能正常地生活。</span><br><br><span>14.&nbsp;丹顶鹤生活在</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;沼泽&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>地,大型涉禽。全长约120厘米。它起飞时需要用双腿助跑</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;150米&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的距离;飞行时双局部收翼展开宽达</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>米。</span><br><br><span>15.鸭脚有</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蹼&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,熊冬眠</span><span>……</span><span>任何一种动物都与其生活环境相适应的</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;身体特征&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;生活习性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>16.蝗虫与草丛的颜色相近,这就是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;保护色&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>;枯叶蝶同枯叶相似,这种本领叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;拟态色&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>;黄蜂身上有黑黄相间的条纹,这叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;警戒色&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>17.</span><span>一些动物以植物为食料,称为</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;植食性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>动物,如</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;牛羊兔子&nbsp;</span><span>等;</span><br><br><span>一些动物以其它动物为食料,称为</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">肉食性</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>动物,如</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;老虎狮子狼 &nbsp;</span><span>等;</span><br><br><span>既食植物又食动物的,称为</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杂食性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>动物,如</span><span>猫、狗、鸡、鸭、鱼、蚂蚁、老鼠</span><span>等。</span><br><br><span>18.&nbsp;动、植物之间像链环一样的食物关系,称为</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>食物链</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。食物链常从</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>植物</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>开始,到凶猛的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>动物终止。“青草→蝗虫→青蛙→蛇→鹰”,就是一条食物链。</span><br><br><span>19.&nbsp;食物链一般由</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;生产者&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;消费者&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>组成,像绿色植物自己能制造食物的叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;生产者&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,像动物直接或间接地吃别人制造的食物的叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;消费者&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>20.&nbsp;植食性动物:由于植食性动物直接吃生产者的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;植物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,因此称为一级</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;消费者&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>21.螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后。这个成语形成的食物链是(青叶→蝉→</span><span> </span><span>螳螂&nbsp;&nbsp;→&nbsp;黄雀</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>22.子女与父母有相似的特征,这种现象叫做</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;遗传&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><br><br><span>23.可遗传的外貌特征有</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;发际形状&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;眼皮&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;肤色&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;酒窝&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;耳垂&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>等。</span><br><br><span>24.&nbsp;人的两只眼睛中有一只是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>优势眼</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。掌握判断优势眼的方法,平时我们、习惯多使用的那只眼睛就是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>优势眼</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。优势眼也是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可以&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>遗传的。</span><br><br><span>25.&nbsp;子代与父代之间,或者</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;同代生物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的不同个体这间,有着或多或少的差异,这种现象叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;生物变异&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>26.从猩猩、蝙蝠、鲸的前肢比较,有许多相同的地方,证明,它们有共同的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;祖先 &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>27.</span><span>生物的进化规律是由</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;简单&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>到</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>复杂</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,由</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低等&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;高等&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,由</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;水生&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>到</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;陆生&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>28.英国博物学家</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;达尔文&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>著有一本《</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;物种起源&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>》的书,他提出</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;自然选择 &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span>学说,即是在生存竞争中,适者</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;生存&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,不适者被</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;淘汰&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>29.</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;化石&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>就是古代生物的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">遗体</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">遗迹</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>经过漫长的时间而形成的“石头”。</span><br><br><span>30.始祖鸟的化石说明:鸟类是由一些古代</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;爬行动物&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>进化而来的。</span><br><br>31.空气污染物的来源很多,如:自然因素的 &nbsp;森林火灾、火山爆发 &nbsp; 等;人为因素的 &nbsp;工业废气、燃烧、汽车尾气和核爆炸等。<br><br><span>32.大气污染的主要过程由</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;">污染</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">源排放</span><span>、大气传播、人与物受害这三个环节所构成的。</span><br><br><span><strong>33.&nbsp;大气污染的危害:</strong></span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)对人体主要表现为</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">呼吸道</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>疾病;</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)对动植物使其</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">可使其生理机制</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>受压抑,成长不良影响,抗病虫能力减弱,甚至死亡;</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)对气候产生影响,如降低</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;能见度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,减少太阳辐射,导致</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;城市佝偻病&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>增加;</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(4)腐蚀物品,影响</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;产品质量&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>34.&nbsp;空气污染指数(简称</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">API</span><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)是一种反映和评价</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">空气质量的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的指标。</span><br><br><span>35.干净的水是清澈</span><span>透明、无色、无味。</span><span>。</span><br><br><span><strong>36.污水的来源比较常见的有:</strong></span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;生活&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>污水(人们生活做饭、洗衣、洗菜、洗澡、倒马桶、冲厕等等);</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;工业&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>污水(造纸、印染、制革和食品加工等;更为严重的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>冶金</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;化学&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>等);</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>农业</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>污水(过量施用</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;化肥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和喷洒</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;农药&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>);</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(4)向</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;江&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;河&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;湖&nbsp;海&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>乱扔倾倒垃圾;</span><br><br><span>37.保护水质的重要措施就是人人从</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">自己</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>做起,从</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-family: Arial;">小事</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>做起。</span><br><br><span>38.现实生活中,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;垃圾&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>已成为一个社会问题。它严重损害周边的</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;城市&nbsp;环境卫生&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,恶化</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;生活条件&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,阻碍</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;城市&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的发展。</span><br><br><strong><span>39.垃圾的分类。</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>可回</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>垃圾:</span></strong></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>废纸</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>类(不含纸巾);</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(2)塑料类;</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(3)玻璃;</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(4)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>废金属</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>类(铁、铜、铝);</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(5)布料类;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不</span><span>可回</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>垃圾:大都指属于</span><span>难以回收的废弃物</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;吸&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的烟头、鸡毛、煤渣、建筑垃圾、油漆颜料、食品残留物等等。</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>有害</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>垃垃圾圾</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span>电池、荧光灯管、</span><span style=" text-decoration:none underline ; ">灯泡</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>、</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span>水银温度计、油漆筒、药品、化妆品等等。</span><br><br><span>40.</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可回收&nbsp;&nbsp;垃圾&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>的制造不仅大大降低纸的制造成本,保护了</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp; &nbsp;环境&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,又可减少</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;污染 &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span><strong>6.观察记录</strong></span></div><div><br> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><br><strong>观察项目<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>没有生锈的铁钉<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>生锈的铁钉</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>颜&nbsp;色<br></td><td><br>银灰有光泽<br></td><td><br>暗红<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>触&nbsp;感<br></td><td><br>光滑<br></td><td><br>粗糙<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>硬&nbsp;度<br></td><td><br>坚硬<br></td><td><br>疏松易脱落<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><span><strong>填写实验记录。</strong></span></div><div><br> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><strong><br>混合的物质<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>实验现象</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水+沙<br></td><td><br>完全分开,不可混合&nbsp;<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水+盐<br></td><td><br>可以混合<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水+醋<br></td><td><br>可以混合<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水+油<br></td><td><br>油在水上,不可混合<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>小苏打+沙<br></td><td><br>沙在下面,不可混合<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>小苏打+醋<br></td><td><br>可以混合<br><br><br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><strong>分离混合物。</strong><br><br> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><br><strong>混合物<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>分离方法<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>结果</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水和沙的混合物<br></td><td><br>过滤<br><br><br></td><td><br>能分离<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>水和油的混合物<br></td><td><br>静置<br><br><br></td><td><br>能分离<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>醋和小苏打的混合物<br></td><td><br><br></td><td><br>不能分离<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>沙和绿豆的混合物<br></td><td><br>筛子筛<br></td><td><br>能分离<br><br><br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><span><strong>根据所学知识,填表.</strong></span></div><div><br> <table width="100%" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><strong><br>环&nbsp;境<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>植物名称<br></strong></td><td><strong><br>植物的形态特征</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>沙&nbsp;漠<br></td><td><br>仙人掌<br><br><br></td><td><br>植物稀少,叶子退化,根深而叶不茂的怪样子<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>高&nbsp;山<br></td><td><br><br></td><td><br>植物体积矮小,茎叶多毛,带针状是垫状植物<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>草&nbsp;原<br></td><td><br><br></td><td><br>丛生禾本科植物,是一种地带性植物被类型<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>热带雨林<br></td><td><br><br></td><td><br>常绿高大的森林植被,树身具有多层结构,叶子茂密<br><br><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>池&nbsp;塘<br></td><td><br><br></td><td><br>水生植物,叶子柔软而透明,带有通气组织<br><br><br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><strong>8.研究蜡烛燃烧过程的变化。</strong><br><br><strong>步骤:</strong>1.点燃蜡烛,将干燥的烧杯罩在火焰的上方;<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.用澄清的石灰水将另一个烧杯壁湿润,并罩在火焰的上方;<br><br><strong>我的发现:</strong>1.干燥的烧杯壁上出现了许多小水珠<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.&nbsp;烧杯壁上的澄清石灰水变得浑浊。<br><br><strong>结论:</strong>蜡烛燃烧会产生水和<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>二氧化碳<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span>。<br><br><strong>1.分离水和盐。</strong><br><br>步骤1.用烧杯倒上一杯水,然后将食盐搅拌到水中直至溶解<br><br>步骤2:.把水用<span style=" text-decoration:none underline ; ">酒精灯</span>加热,架在<span style=" text-decoration:none underline ; ">酒精灯</span>上,进行反复地烧、烤,直到水干了为止<br><br>步骤3:.观察结果,发现食盐的颗粒。<br><br><strong>2.铁在什么环境下生锈?</strong><br><br>用一半插在水中的铁钉实验证明:生锈的地方集中在(&nbsp;在空气部分在水的铁 )。<br><br>干燥空气中的铁钉(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不会生锈 &nbsp;),完全浸没在水中的铁钉(&nbsp;&nbsp;不会生锈 &nbsp;),<br><br>在空气部分在水的铁钉容易生锈,证明铁生锈需要(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)和(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。<br><br>4.铁生锈后,铁锈与铁是否同一种物质?用你的实验证明。<br><br><strong>我的猜想:</strong>铁锈与铁是否同一种物质<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><strong>实验步骤:</strong>1.用小刀削下铁钉表面的铁锈,然后用砂纸打磨铁钉,即得铁锈和铁。<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">用磁铁分别靠近铁锈和</span>铁进行观察。<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">磁铁吸引铁,铁锈不被磁铁吸引。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><strong>结论:</strong>铁锈与铁不是同一种物质。<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><strong>5.将下列动物的身体特征与生活习性用线连起来。</strong><br><br>鼹鼠---生活在洞穴中,<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;所以视力&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>高度退化,但<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;嗅觉&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>灵敏,前肢善于挖掘;<br><br>企鹅---生活在南极,有毛厚厚的<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;脂肪&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>和<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;羽毛&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>,能够抵御严寒。;<br><br>骆驼---脚掌有厚厚的<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;肉垫&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>,不怕沙漠中炙热的沙子。<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;它&nbsp;</span>长<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span>长<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;的睫毛&nbsp;</span>,能够抵挡风沙的吹袭;<br><br>鱼类---有<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;长有鱼鳍&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>,能够在水里自由游泳;<br><br>蛇-----<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;冬眠&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>时常常选择干燥的洞穴、树洞和岩石缝隙;<br><br>兔子---夏季来临时<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;脱毛&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>,为能更好散热;<br><br>雷鸟---随着季节的变化更换羽毛的<span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;颜色&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>是为了适应环境的变化;<br><br><strong>6.例举自然界中,食物链断了所产生什么后果。</strong><br><br>如;大量捕杀青蛙或蛇;……<br><br>答:轻则生态失衡,重则将导致该生物链中物种灭绝<br><br><strong>7.&nbsp;保护空气的措施和建议:</strong><br><br><font color="#333333" face="Arial">(1)增加绿化面积;(2)使用清洁燃料;(3)控制煤炭燃烧后烟尘和二氧化硫的排放;(4)控制机动车辆尾气排放;(5)使用无氟冰箱;(6)限制化工厂气体排放;(7)改造陈旧的化学工艺,推广应用新技术、新材料,等等。①节能减排,倡导低碳生活。②植树造林,提升空气质量。③减少工厂、汽车尾气排放。④在灰尘多的地方洒水</font><br><br><strong>8.写出几条环境保护的标语。</strong><br><br>1.家园只有一个,地球不能克隆。</div><div><br>2.保护环境就是保护生命。<br><br></div><div>3.用行动护卫家园,用热血浇灌地球。&nbsp;<br><br><strong>9.&nbsp;保护水质不受污染,我们应该怎么做?</strong><br><br>首先要全社会动员起来,改变传统的用水观念。要在全社会呼吁节约用水,一水多用,充分利用循环水。要树立惜水意识,开展水资源警示教育。</div><div><br>其次,必须合理开发水资源,避免水资源破坏。</div><div><br>第三,提高水资源利用率,减少水资源浪费。有效节水的关键在于利用“中水”,实现水资源重复利用。</div><div><br>第四、进行水资源污染防治,实现水资源综合利用。</div><div><br>同时,改革目前的用水制度,加强政府的宏观调控,加大治理污染和环境保护力度,也是水资源保护利用的有效途径。<br><br><strong>10.利用所学过的知识,设计一个方案,分离以下废品。</strong><br><br>塑料泡沫、大头针、报纸、铁钉、铝箔。<br><br><strong>设计一个方案</strong><br><br>1、垃圾分类①可回收垃圾&nbsp;②<span style=" text-decoration:none underline ; ">厨余垃圾</span>③有毒害垃圾④其他垃圾<br><br>2、垃圾分类方法①可回收垃圾纸类、金属、塑料、玻璃等,通过综合处理回收利用,可以减少污染,节省资源②厨余垃圾剩菜剩饭、骨头、菜根菜叶等食品类废物,经生物技术就地处理堆肥,每吨可生产0.3吨有机肥料。③有毒害垃圾废电池、废日光灯管、废水银温度计、过期药品等④其他垃圾包括除上述几类垃圾之外的砖瓦陶瓷、渣土、卫生间废纸等难以回收的废弃物,采取卫生填埋可有效减少对地下水、地表水、土壤及空气的污染。<br><br><strong>11.垃圾的回收利用的常用方法。</strong><br><br>变费为宝,减少家居垃圾的四种途径</div><div><br><strong>1、Reduce(减少使用)</strong><br><br></div><div>每次买东西时,先想一想:我是否真正需要?原有的是否真的不可再用?我是否物尽其用?总之,减少消费,垃圾产生量自然会减少(做饭时不要做得太多,吃剩的食物下一顿加热还可以再吃,不要随便倒进垃圾桶。购买商品时,选购绿色包装的商品,不买过度包装的商品)。<br><br></div><div><strong>2、Reuse(废物利用)</strong><br><br></div><div>有些东西是不能不买的,但当它变成“废物”之前,先想一想:它还有利用价值吗?例如纸张可以写两面,塑料袋可多次使用,其水罐也可以变成笔筒。只要肯花心思,“废物”&nbsp;可变成日用品甚至工艺品。很多物品都可以捐赠或转让给他人使用,例如教科书、玩具、电器、家具、衣物等等。抛弃前请三思。<br><br></div><div><strong>3、Recycle(循环再用)</strong><br><br></div><div>首先,您应养成废物分类的习惯,把可回收的废物循环利用(在这国外已非常普遍)。最普遍回收的是纸张和铝罐,透明塑料和玻璃瓶也可以回收。请记住,纸巾、纸杯、纸包饮品及热敏传真纸并不可以回收。<br><br></div><div><strong>4、Replace(替代使用)</strong><br><br></div><div>选择对环境有利的产品,例如用布袋购物、充电电池代替一次性电池、自备餐盒代替发泡塑料饭盒等。总而言之,应该使用可回收并反复使用的物品尽量代替用完即弃不可回收的物品。<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><strong>各类废物减少方法</strong><br><br></div><div>纸张及塑料各占家居垃圾总量的21%及14%,要减少垃圾,让我们从纸张和塑料开始。<br><br><strong>纸张</strong><br><br></div><div>据统计我国的森林覆盖率只有世界平均值的1/4,我国森林在10年内减少了23%,可伐畜积量减少了50%,云南西双版纳的天然森林,自50年代以来,每年以1.6万公顷的速度消失着。当时55%的原始森林覆盖面积现已减少了一半。而每回收1吨废纸可再造出800公斤的好纸、挽救17棵大树、节约3立方米的垃圾填埋空间,还可以节约50%以上的造纸能源,减少35%的水污染。<br><br></div><div>每张纸至少可以回收两次。办公用纸、旧信封信纸、笔记本、书籍、报纸、广告宣传纸、货物包装箱、纸箱纸盒、纸餐具等在第一次回收后,可再造纸印制成书籍、稿纸、名片、便条等。第二次回收后,还可以制成卫生纸。<br><br>1、利用旧纸张空白的背面,自制笔记本或草稿纸。<br><br></div><div>2、旧信封还可以用来装自己用的文件、票据等。</div><div><br>3、尽量用双面影印及使用再生纸。<br><br></div><div>4、把所有报纸及其他适合回收的纸张放到附近回收箱里。<br><br></div><div>5、不用贺年卡,拒收随处散发的无用的宣传品、小广告。<br><br><strong>塑料</strong><br><br></div><div>近年来,各类塑料包装物,特别是超薄塑料袋越来越多地进入市民的生活。这些塑料制品混杂在生活垃圾之中,或者被随意抛弃,给城市环境造成了严重污染。<br><br>1、外出应自备购物袋。<br><br></div><div>2、购物袋可重复使用。<br><br></div><div>3、购外卖时尽量自备餐盒,不要用发泡饭盒。<br><br>废旧塑料袋我就用来装垃圾,质量好的就放起来再用。报纸,纸皮,塑料瓶罐就卖掉。零食罐就洗干净待用。生日蛋糕的蜡烛留到八月十五用来煲蜡玩。快餐外卖的餐具留到有客人来或回单位做一次性餐具。孩子的不合穿校服留给同事的孩子,不要的衣物可以捐,<br><br>(1)废纸:报纸、书本纸、包装用纸、办公用纸、广告用纸、纸盒等;注意纸巾和厕所纸由于水溶性太强不可回收。&nbsp;<br><br>(2)塑料:各种塑料袋、塑料泡沫、塑料包装、<a href="//www.xkb1.com"><span style=" text-decoration:none underline ; ">一</span></a>次性塑料餐盒餐具、硬塑料、料牙刷、塑料杯子、矿泉水瓶等;&nbsp;<br><br>(3)玻璃:玻璃瓶和碎玻璃片、镜子、灯泡、暖瓶等;&nbsp;<br><br>(4)金属:易拉罐、铁皮罐头盒、牙膏皮等。&nbsp;<br><br>(5)布料:主要包括废弃衣服、桌布、毛巾、布包等&nbsp;<br><br>如每回收1吨废纸可造好纸850公斤,节省木材300公斤,比等量生产减少污染74%;每回收1吨塑料饮料瓶可获得0.7吨二级原料;每回收1吨废钢铁可炼好钢0.9吨,比用矿石冶炼节约成本47%,减少空气污染75%,减少97%的水污染和固体废物。<br><br></div>