<div style="layout-grid:;
"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">象山县实验小学六年级科学期末教学质量检测</font></span></div><br><div style="text-align: right;">象山县实验小学王银萍</div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">一、填空题：</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span> 1</span><span>．</span><span>像搭在汽车车厢上的木板那样的简单机械，叫做</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。像水龙头这样, </span><span>轮子和轴固定在一起转动的简单机械叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> 2</span><span>．</span><span>支撑着杠杆，使杠杆能围绕着转动的位置叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>点。</span><br><br><span> 3</span><span>．</span><span>使用轮轴时，动力作用在轮上就</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>力，作用在轴上就</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>力。</span><br><br><span> 4</span><span>．</span><span>从桥的结构来看，除了平桥外，还有</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>、_________等。这三类桥中，</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>桥可以造得跨度最大。</span><br><br><span> 5</span><span>．</span><span>圆顶形可以看成</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>的组合，它有拱形承载压力</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>的特点，而</span><span>且不产生</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> 6</span><span>．</span><span>底部大，上部</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>的物体不容易倒；底部重，上部</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>的物体不容易倒。</span><br><br><span>7</span><span>．</span><span>像铁塔这样骨架式的构造叫做</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>结构。</span><br><br><span>8</span><span>．</span><span>秦山核电站是利用</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>发电的，三峡电站是利用</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>___</span><span>发电的。</span><br><br><span>9</span><span>．</span><span>电动机工作的基本原理是：用</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>产生磁，利用</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>的相互作用工作。</span><br><br><span>10</span><span>．</span><span>身体中没有脊柱的动物叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>，有脊柱的动物叫</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">二、判断题：</span><br><br><span> </span><span>1</span><span>．</span><span>用螺丝刀撬罐盖属于杠杆的应用，用它拧螺丝属于轮轴的应用。</span><span>（ ）</span><br><br><span> 2</span><span>．</span><span>自行车上的大齿轮带动小齿轮运动，使车轮转动速度变慢。 （ ）</span><br><br><span> 3</span><span>．</span><span>盘山公路和螺丝钉是斜面的应用。</span><span> ( )</span><br><br><span> 4</span><span>．</span><span>长方形框架比三角形框架不容易变形。</span><span> （ ）</span><br><br><span> 5</span><span>．</span><span>电磁铁的南北极与电池的正负极连接位置有关系。</span><span>（ ）</span><br><br><span> 6</span><span>．</span><span>电动机中的换向器可以改变线圈中的电流方向。</span><span> （ ）</span><br><br><span> 7</span><span>．</span><span>如果没有能量，自然界就不会有运动和变化，就不会有生命。 （ ）</span><br><br><span> 8</span><span>．</span><span>煤、石油、天然气都是可再生的能源。（ ）</span><span> </span><br><br><span> 9</span><span>．</span><span>校园里的生物种类繁多，它们的生活环境各不相同。</span><span>（ ）</span><br><br><span> 10</span><span>．</span><span>骆驼的驼峰是对沙漠干旱环境的一种适应。</span><span>（ ）</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">三、选择题：</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>1</span><span>．</span><span>杆秤是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>类工具的应用</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A 斜面 B 杠杆 C 轮轴</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>．</span><span>校园里旗杆顶端应该装</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A 动滑轮 B 轮轴 C 定滑轮</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>．</span><span>下列轮轴装置能保持平衡的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/20132591129.jpg?m=0.7174167917110026"></div><div style="layout-grid:;
"><br><span>4</span><span>．</span><span>同样的瓶子（A瓶装了水），放在平整的桌面上，最稳定的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/2013259122.png?m=0.8396715752314776"><br></div><div style="layout-grid:;
"><br><span>5</span><span>．</span><span>1820年，丹麦的科学家</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>发现了通电导线周围存在磁场。</span><br><br><span> </span><span>A </span><span>奥斯特</span><span> </span><span>B </span><span>牛顿</span><span> </span><span>C </span><span>爱迪生</span><br><br><span>6</span><span>．</span><span>研究电磁铁磁力大小与线圈圈数的关系时，要改变的条件是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> </span><span>A </span><span>电池节数</span><span> B </span><span>铁芯大小</span><span> C </span><span>线圈圈数</span><br><br><span>7</span><span>．</span><span>两只手相互摩擦会感觉到热，是因为在这个过程中</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A 化学能转化成动能 B热能转化成化学能 C 动能转化成热能</span><br><br><span>8</span><span>．</span><span>人和动物从食物中直接获取的能量是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A 化学能 B 光能 C 声能</span><br><br><span>9</span><span>．</span><span>以下不属于昆虫特点的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span>A 身体分头、胸、腹 B 用鳃在水中呼吸 C 胸部有三对脚</span><br><br><span>10</span><span>．</span><span>属于中国稀有动物的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> </span><span>A </span><span>北极熊</span><span> B </span><span>珙桐</span><span> C </span><span>大熊猫</span><span> </span><br><br><span> 11</span><span>．</span><span>下列动物中，属于哺乳动物的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> A </span><span>山羊</span><span> B </span><span>鸡 </span><span>C </span><span>蛇</span><br><br><span> 12</span><span>．</span><span>下列植物中，属于开花植物的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><br><br><span> A </span><span>蕨类 </span><span>B </span><span>凤仙花 </span><span>C </span><span>苔藓</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">四、图形题：</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span> 1．杠杠的科学：</span><span> </span><br><br><span>（1）画一画：</span><span>请</span><span>在杠杆尺的右边某个位置画上2个钩码，使杠杆尺保持平衡。</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/20132591253.jpg?m=0.8190478237811476" width="400"><br><br><span>（2）选一选：</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>时，杠杆省力；</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>时，杠杆费力；</span><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>时，杠杆既不省力也不费力。</span><br><br><span> A 用力点到支点的距离等于阻力点到支点的距离</span><br><br><span> B 用力点到支点的距离小于阻力点到支点的距离</span><br><br><span> C 用力点到支点的距离大于阻力点到支点的距离</span><br><br><span> （3）判一判：下列工具是否省力，请填写在括号中。</span><br><br></div><div style="layout-grid:;
"><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/20132591458.jpg?m=0.785990760428831"><br><br><span style=" z-index:1; left:0px; "></span><span>2</span><span>．</span><span>下列滑轮中最省力的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>，能改变力的方向的是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>。</span><span> </span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/20132591557.jpg?m=0.3649458480067551"><br><br><span>3</span><span>．</span><span>请你根据右图写出三种能量的转换。</span></div><div style="layout-grid:;
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"><span></span><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/20132591636.jpg?m=0.07505448791198432"><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>转换成 </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>转换成 </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span>转换成 </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">五、实验题：</span><br><br><span> 1</span><span>．</span><span>小强和同学在研究“横梁的抗弯曲能力”实验时，记录了以下数据：</span><br>
<table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><br><strong>研究一：横梁的宽度与抗弯曲能力关系的研究</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>横梁的宽度<br></td><td><br>1倍宽<br></td><td><br>2倍宽<br></td><td><br>3倍宽<br></td><td><br>4倍宽<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>承受的垫圈个数<br></td><td><br>2个<br></td><td><br>3个<br></td><td><br>5个<br></td><td><br>7个<br></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><br><strong>研究二：横梁的厚度与抗弯曲能力关系的研究</strong><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>横梁的厚度<br></td><td><br>1倍厚<br></td><td><br>2倍厚<br></td><td><br>3倍厚<br></td><td><br>4倍厚<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>承受的垫圈个数<br></td><td><br>2个<br></td><td><br>8个<br></td><td><br>32个<br></td><td><br>68个<br></td></tr></tbody></table>
<br><span> （1）分析：</span><br><br><span> ① 在“研究一”中我发现：</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span> </span><br><br><span> ② 在“研究二”中我发现：</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> ③ 比较“研究一”和“研究二”，我又发现：</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> （2）应用：建房时，我们应该把横梁平放还是立放？</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span> （3）延伸：除了上面两种方法，还能用什么方法增强横梁的抗弯曲能力？</span><br><br><span> </span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "> </span><br><br><span>2</span><span>．</span><span>下表是某小组在测定不同坡度斜面上拉同一个物体时，记录的弹簧秤读数，请你分析数据后填写实验结论。</span><br>
<table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td><br>斜面的状况<br></td><td><br>A<br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/201325131911.png?m=0.2690784502774477"><br><br></td><td>B<br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/201325131944.png?m=0.7423363693524152"><br></td><td>C<br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/201325132019.png?m=0.15840141219086945"><br></td><td>D<br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2013/0205/201325132039.png?m=0.7993151880800724"><br></td></tr><tr><td><br>使用力的大小<br></td><td><br>3.5 N<br></td><td><br>2.8 N<br></td><td><br>2.1 N<br></td><td><br>1.5 N<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>实验结论<br></td><td colspan="4"><br><br></td></tr></tbody></table>
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六年级上