人教版小学语文五年级上学期期末复习资料

<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第一单元复习</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点课文内容:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《窃读记》作者:林海音</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>一、【</span><span>主要内容</span><span>】</span><span>描写了作者放学后急匆匆赶往书店,藏身于众多顾客、借雨天窃读,到晚上才依依不舍离开的读书过程。</span><br><br><span>二、【</span><span>中心思想</span><span>】</span><span>表现了作者对读书的热爱,对知识的渴望。</span><br><br><span>三、【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">注意字音</span><span>】</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">转(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">zhu</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">ǎ</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">n</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)过街角</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">目的(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">dì</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)地</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">踮(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">d</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">iǎ</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">n</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)起脚尖</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;暂(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">zàn</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)时</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">四、多音字</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">五、近义词(小状元P1二)</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">担忧——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;急切——</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">六、反义词</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点词句</span><span>】</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">(1)重点词:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>适宜:适合,相宜。</span><br><br><span>知趣:知道好歹,不惹人讨厌。</span><br><br><span>饥肠辘辘:饿得肚子直叫。</span><br><br><span>白日梦:比喻不能实现的胡思乱想。</span><br><br><span>依依不舍:留恋,不忍分离。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">(2)重点句:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>①</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">急忙打开书,一页,两页,我像一匹饿狼,贪婪地读着。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>“贪婪”是指贪得无厌,没有满足的时候。这句话把渴望读书的“我”比作一匹饥饿的狼,一页页贪婪地阅读犹如饿狼进食。它以一个极其生动形象的比喻,写出了“我”强烈的求知欲,对读书的渴望。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">②我很快乐,也很惧怕——这种窃读的滋味!</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>这句话是课文的中心句,集中概括了窃读的百般感受,也是作者情感的集中体现。“我”渴望读书,却又无力购买,只好“窃读”。“我”在阅读中感受着书籍所带来的智慧和快乐,却时刻害怕被店员或老板发现受到训斥和驱赶,这种书中世界的吸引与沉迷,书外世界的担忧与紧张,使快乐和惧怕交织在一起,形成了一种复杂、难以言说的感受,这正是窃读的滋味。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">③我有时还要装着皱起眉头,不时望着街心,好像说:“这雨,害得我回不去了。”其实,我的心里却高兴地喊着:“大些!再大些!”</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>这句话通过对发愁的表情和快乐的内心对比描写,趣味盎然地写出“我”为雨天能够有个充足的理由读书而高兴无比,更加表现出了“我”对读书的喜爱。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">④这时,我总会想起国文咯是鼓励我们的话:“记住,你们是吃饭长大的,也是读书长大的!”</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>“吃饭长大”指的是身体的物质需求;“读书长大”则是指精神的成长,心灵的成长。国文老师告诉我们,粮食哺育身体,而书籍哺育灵魂,一个知识与智慧不断增长的人,才是健康成长的人。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">课后习题</span><span>】</span><br><br><span>抄写描写我“如饥似渴”的读书的句子。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《走遍天下书为侣》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>【</span><span>主要内容</span><span>】</span><span>本文写了作者如果独自驾舟环绕世界旅行,只带一本书的理由;并介绍了自己反复读书的方法。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span>中心思想</span><span>】</span><span>表现了作者对读书的热爱;并表达了作者常读常新,百读不厌的读书方法,对读书的独特见解。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点词句</span><span>】</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>(1)重点词</span><span><br></span><span>  毫不犹豫:一点也不迟疑,很坚决果断。文中指在常人难以作出选择的问题上,自己会坚决地选择一本书,表达了对书喜爱的程度,鲜明地亮出了自己的观点。  </span><br><br><span>(2)重点句</span><span><br></span><span> </span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "> ①你喜爱的书就像一个朋友,就像你的家。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "><br></span><span>  </span><span>作者将书喻为朋友和家,的确是一种妙喻。朋友和家,人人皆有,而且感情深挚,充分表达出了对书的喜爱。更重要的是朋友间次次相见,家日日都回,却不会生厌,反而有新的发现,新的收获。以常见的事物为喻,生动而又巧妙地说明了一本书可以常读常新,读而不厌。</span><span><br></span><span> </span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "> ②这真像与另一个人同船而行。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "><br></span><span>  </span><span>这句话是作者在列举了“一遍遍地读一本书”的方式方法后的由衷感叹。从不同的角度以不同的方式去读,无论是理解故事内容,揣摩写作目的,续编故事,品味写法,还是积累所得,都能读得津津有味,收获颇丰。书,不是枯燥的、呆板的,而如一个活生生的人一样生动。这句话也与题目《走遍天下书为侣》相呼应,相对照。</span><span><br></span><span> </span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "> ③一本你喜爱的书就是一位朋友,也是一处你想去就去的故地。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "><br></span><span>  </span><span>“故地”,指书已读多遍,了解并熟悉;“想去就去”,是说方便,随心所欲,想读就读。由前面的“你喜爱的书就像一个朋友,就像你的家”,“这真像与另一个人同船而行”,到现在的“就是”“也是”,愈加表达出了作者对书浓郁的情感,对一本书喜爱到百读不厌的程度。</span><span><br></span><span>  </span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">④从某种意义上说,它是你自己的东西,因为世上没有两个人会用同一种方式读同一本书。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "><br></span><span> </span><span> “一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”,这是指读者因阅历、体验不同而感受不同。作者指的是每个人都有个性化的读书方式、方法,收获也是独特的。以自己的方式阅读,对书有独到的见解,才能使书真正内化为自己的东西。</span><span><br></span><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">课后习题</span><span>】</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>根据你自己的读书感受,填一填,读一读,尊重学生个性化见解。</span><span><br></span><span>  一本你喜爱的书就是__________,也是_____________。</span><br><br><span>(如:一本你喜爱的书就是一杯耐人寻味的绿茶,也是一盏陈年的佳酿。一本你喜爱的书就是一段最难忘的人生奇遇,也是嘴边一段喜爱的小曲。是智者,是良师,是诤友,也是伴侣。营养面包,是全世界的营养品;是一次秘密的旅行,也是精神上补钙。)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">2* 小苗与大树的对话</span><br><br><span>本文是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">访谈录</span><span>,季羡林老先生指出:把文章写好,要多看书;要努力培养中西贯通、古今贯通、文理贯通的人才,因此不要偏科,要学好外语,还要进行古诗文积累。</span><br><br><span>4* 我的“长生果”(叶文玲)</span><br><br><span>流光溢彩:流动的光影,满溢的色彩。形容色彩明丽。&nbsp;眼羡:看得到而得不到,令人羡慕。饱览:尽情地看。</span><br><br><span>津津有味:指吃得很有味道或谈得很有兴趣。文中指看画片时非常有兴趣。如醉如痴:形容神态失常,失去自制。文中指作者读书读到入迷的程度。&nbsp;浮想联翩:指许许多多的想象不断涌现出来。文中指作者读书进入意境,产生许多联想。&nbsp;悲欢离合:悲伤、欢乐、离散、聚会。泛指生活中经历的各种境遇和由此产生的各种心情。&nbsp;牵肠挂肚:牵:拉。形容十分惦念,放心不下。&nbsp;如饥似渴:形容要求很迫切,好像饿了急着要吃饭,渴了急着要喝水一样。&nbsp;不言而喻:喻:了解,明白。不用说话就能明白。形容道理很明显。&nbsp;黯然神伤:心情不愉快,无精打采的样子。&nbsp;千篇一律:一千篇文章都一个样。文中指文章公式化,非常机械、乏味。&nbsp;大显身手:显:表露,表现;身手:指本领。充分显示出本领和才能。&nbsp;心安理得:得:适合。自以为做的事情合乎道理,心里很坦然。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">补充练习</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>1、&nbsp;</span><span>看拼音写词语。</span><br><br><span>饥饿</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>书柜</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>惧怕</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>支撑</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>担忧</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>伴侣</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>娱乐</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>背诵</span><br><br><span>2、&nbsp;</span><span>用横线画出句中的错别字,并在括号中改正。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>)国庆节已后,学校要举行一次朗颂比塞。</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>2</span><span>)同学们在教舍里聚精会神地作做业。</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>3</span><span>)休息了一署假,同学们又从新回到了美丽的校圆。</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>4</span><span>)我们园满地完成了老师教给的训练任务。</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>5</span><span>)祖国敞开了绿色的大门,给孩子一片清凉的绿荫。</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><strong><span>一、&nbsp;</span><span>阅读、积累。</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>、把词语补充完整。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)不舍</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>不求甚(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>不(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)而喻</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)有味</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>滚</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>瓜</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>烂(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>毫不(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)豫</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>别</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>出</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>心(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>大(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)身手</span><br><br><span>2、巧填量词:</span><br><br><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)图画</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)口琴</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)八音盒</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)朋友</span><span><br></span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)旅行</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)书</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)扑克牌</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)船</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>一(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)灯光</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>复习课内的知识重点:</span><br><br><span>多音字:乐</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>绿</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>藏</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>传</span><br><br><span>书写易错字:锅、惧、酸、豫、诵、</span><br><br><span>积累词语:</span><br><br><span>急匆匆(ABB)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>舒舒服服(AABB)</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>联系实际谈对句子的理解:</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>“你们是吃饭长大的,也是读书长大的。”</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>你喜爱的书就像一个朋友,就像你的家。</span><br><br><span>读句子进行仿写:</span><br><br><span>一本你喜爱的书就是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,也是</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第二单元复习</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点课文内容:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《古诗三首》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>【</span><span>主要内容</span><span>】</span><br><br><span>《泊船瓜洲》</span><br><br><span>全诗的大意是:从京口到瓜洲仅是一江之隔,而京口到南京也只隔着几座山。春风又吹绿了长江两岸,明月什么时候才能照着我回到家乡。这首诗写的是诗人停船在瓜州之后,望着仅仅一江之隔的京口,想到离京口并不很远的南京,不禁勾起了浓浓的思乡之情。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">“春风又绿江南岸明月何时照我还”</span><span>描写了诗人停船瓜洲时遥望家乡,不知何时能回到家乡的惆怅,表现了作者深切的思乡之情。“绿”字,形象鲜活,春意盎然,读来仿佛有阵阵春风扑面。</span><br><br><span>《秋思》</span><br><br><span>全诗的大意是:秋风乍起,客居洛阳城的诗人想写一封信,给远在家乡的亲人,表达自己思乡怀亲的心情,可是要说的话太多了,竟不知从何说起。信写好后,又担心匆匆写就的信不能把自己的意思完全表达出来,当送信人要出发的时候又打开已封好的信查看。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">“洛阳城里见秋风欲作家书意万重。”</span><span>写了诗人在洛阳城见秋风而思乡,写信给家人,却感觉信短情长,无法尽诉,表达了浓浓的思想怀亲之情。</span><br><span></span><br><span>《长相思》</span><br><br><span>【</span><span>中心思想</span><span>】</span><span>描写了戍边的南方将士,在北方的风雪声中,辗转反侧,不能入眠,思乡之情油然而生,非常怀念故园的温暖祥和的情景。</span><br><br><span>词的大意是:将士们跋山涉水,向山海关那边进发。夜里,住宿帐篷,每个帐篷里都点起了灯。入夜,又是刮风,又是下雪,将士们从睡梦中醒来,再也睡不着了,不禁思念起故乡来,因为故乡温暖、宁静,是没有寒风朔雪之声的。</span><span><br></span><br><span>▲</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《泊船瓜洲》是写景抒情(借景抒情),《秋思》则是叙事抒情(寓情于事),《长相思》则融写景与叙事于一体,来表达作者的思想感情。(情景交融)</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点词</span><span>】</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>本课的多音字有:“间”读jiàn;</span><br><br><span>“万重山”和“意万重”的“重”读сhóng;</span><br><br><span>“还”读huán;</span><br><br><span>“风一更”的“更”读gèng。</span><br><br><span><strong>课后题:</strong></span><br><br><span>想象《秋思》中描绘的画面,把《秋思》改写成一个小故事。”</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《梅花魂》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>【</span><span>主要内容</span><span>】</span><span>课文回忆了“我”与外祖父之间的五件小事。讲述了外祖父爱梅花,把梅花当做祖国的象征,他把爱祖国的情怀寄托在梅花身上,表达了他眷恋祖国之情。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span>中心思想</span><span>】</span><span>表达了外祖父这位身在异地他乡的老华侨对祖国的热爱和眷恋之情。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span>重点句</span><span>】</span><br><br><span>▲“</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">这梅花,是我们中国最有名的花。旁的花,大抵是春暖才开花,她却不一样,愈是寒冷,愈是风欺雪压,花开得愈精神,愈秀气。她是最有品格,最有灵魂、最有骨气的!</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">几千年来,我们中华民族出了许多有气节的人物,他们不管经历多少磨难,不管受到怎样的欺凌,从来都是顶天立地,不肯低头折节。他们就像这梅花一样。一个中国人,无论在怎样的境遇里,总要有梅花的秉性才好!”</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>告诉我们梅花是最有品格最有灵魂最有骨气的,愈是寒冷和风气雪压,她就愈精神。梅花是中华民族精神的象征。所以我们要做不论多少磨难多少欺凌都不肯低头的、顶天立地的人,永远保持中国人不屈不挠,永不服输的民族精神。</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;这一大段对美化和中华民族有气节任务的赞誉,市外祖父对“我”说的,这里也不乏老人对孩子的希望和教会,其实,也是老人自己心灵的表白。他漂泊海外,中国人的气节没有变,对祖国的爱没有变,就像他深爱的梅花一样,有品格,有灵魂,有骨气。</span><br><br><span>《梅花魂》中的魂,在这里指精神。梅花魂,即梅花的精神。梅花的精神就是那种“不管历尽多少磨难,受到怎样的欺凌,从来都是顶天立地,不肯低头折节”的精神,这也正是中华民族的民族精神。</span><br><br><span>▲秉性——本性的意思。这里梅花的秉性就是指美化的精神,梅花魂。</span><br><br><span>▲文章的第三自然段也要会分析。</span><br><br><span>▲</span><span>课文重点表达了外祖父对祖国的热爱、眷恋之情。一共写了五件小事。</span><br><br><span>直接表达这种感情:</span><span>①</span><span>教“我”读唐诗宋词时,读到思乡诗时会落泪。</span><br><br><span>②</span><span>因年龄大不能回国时,竟像小孩子一样呜呜地哭。</span><br><br><span>间接表达这种感情:</span><span>①</span><span>因为“我”弄脏墨梅图而发脾气&nbsp;</span><span>②</span><span>临走送我墨梅图&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>③</span><span>到船上送我带着梅花的手绢等。</span><br><br><span>课文表面上是赞美了梅花不畏严寒、坚强不屈的品格,实质上表达了外祖父对祖国的思念和眷恋之情。课文的开头和结尾:首尾呼应,这种写法的好处是:深化主题,突出中心。</span><br><br><span>“独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲”是唐代诗人王维的诗《九月九日忆山东兄弟》中的诗句;&nbsp;“春草明年绿,王孙归不归”是唐代王维《山中送别》中的诗句,(“王孙”是古代对人的尊称);“自在飞花轻似梦,无边丝雨细如愁”是北宋诗人秦观的词《浣溪沙》中的句子。</span><br><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点词</span><span>】</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>玷污:弄脏。</span><span><br></span><span>  骨气:刚强不屈的气概。</span><span><br></span><span>  折节:屈服。</span><span><br></span><span>  秉性:性格。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">补充练习</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>默写《泊船瓜洲》和《秋思》:</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; "></span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>“梅花魂”在本课指</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,课文写了外公的五件事,分别是:</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>复习课外知识:</span><br><br><span>火眼金睛,辨字组词:</span><br><br><span>复(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>帐(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>夏(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>账(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><br><span>畔(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>临(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>概(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>伴(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>监(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>慨(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br><br><br><br><span>杭(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>浸(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>扰(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>抗(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>侵(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>挠(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">在括号里添上合适的词语</span><span>:</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的泪珠</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的舞姿</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的波纹</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的梅花</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的柳枝</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)的泉水</span><br><br><span><strong>选词填空</strong></span><br><br><span>(1)感动&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;感谢&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;感激</span><br><br><span>我非常(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)老师几年来对我的教育和培养。</span><br><br><span>小军的话(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)了在场的每一个观众。</span><br><br><span>(2)发现&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;发生&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;发明</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我们学校里,每天都会(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)一些新鲜事。</span><br><br><span>爱迪生是著名的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)家</span><br><br><span><strong>句子练习:</strong></span><br><br><span>把下面的句子改写成陈述句:</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>这清白的梅花,是玷污得吗?</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>外公,这不是您最宝贵的画吗?</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>桂花开的花不是香飘十里吗?</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>我们怎能忘记家乡呢?</span><br><br><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>指出下面句子的修辞手法:</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>桂花盛开的时候,真是香飘十里。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>喜鹊在树上欢乐地唱着歌。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第三单元复习</span></div><br><span><strong>重点课文:</strong></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《鲸》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>《鲸》是一篇常识性的说明文。介绍了鲸的形体特点,进化过程,种类和生活习性等方面的知识。</span><br><br><span>这篇文章层次分明,条理清晰,每个自然段基本上讲了一个意思:第一段讲鲸的体形特别大。第二段鲸是哺乳动物。第三段讲鲸的种类。第四段讲鲸怎样进食。第五段讲鲸用肺呼吸。第六段讲鲸如何睡觉。第七段讲鲸的生长特点。概括起来,4-7段分别从四方面讲了鲸的生活习性。</span><br><br><span>作者用列数字,绝例子,作比较,打比方等多种说明方法,通俗,生动,准确地对鲸的特点加以说明。</span><br><br><span>课文首先拿鲸和人们熟悉的象作比较,使我们形象的了解到,鲸比象大得多。接着,用列数字的方法说明鲸的体重,以此来说明鲸的“大”。然后,有一我国捕获一头鲸为例(举例子),再次列举具体数字,生动的说明鲸的确很大。。作者在介绍鲸吃食物以及鲸的生长时,用“花园里的喷泉”(打比方)来比喻鲸呼吸时喷出来的气形成的水柱,这种打比方的方法,使说明更清楚,也更形象,便于读者理解。</span><br><br><span>★第三单元试卷中有关这一课的练习题很重要,要掌握!</span><br><br><span>课文第一自然段的说明方法:运用比较、列数字、举例等多种说明方法,集中介绍了鲸的形体特点“大”。</span><br><br><span>★</span><span>不少人看过象,都说象是很大的动物。其实还有比象大得多的动物,那就是鲸。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">(作比较)</span><br><br><span>目前已知最大的鲸约有十六万公斤重,最小的也有两千公斤。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">(列数字)</span><span>我国发现过一头近四万公斤重的鲸,约十七米长,一条舌头就有十几头大肥猪那么重。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">(举例子、列数字、作比较)</span><span>它要是张开嘴,人站在它嘴里,举起手来还摸不到它的上腭,四个人围着桌子坐在它的嘴里看书,还显得很宽敞。</span><br><br><span>鲸的鼻孔长在脑袋顶上……从鼻孔喷出来的气形成一股水柱,就像花园里的喷泉一样。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">(打比方)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《新型玻璃》</span><br><br><span>这篇课文条理清楚,层次分明。课文前五个自然段在结构上有两个明显的特点:一是介绍每种新型玻璃时都是先讲特点,再讲用途。二是特别注意段与段之间的衔接过渡,且富于变化。如:第2自然段用“另一种夹丝玻璃不是用来防盗的”这句话来转折,起到承上启下的作用。第3自然段的开头既连接了上文,又直接进入下一种玻璃的介绍,清楚明白。第4自然段的首句过渡逢场自然,令人感到亲切。第5自然段的开头则以形象的比喻引起读者的注意,激起读者的阅读愿望。</span><br><br><span>用词准确,表达生动形象,也是这篇课文在表达上的重要特点。</span><br><br><span>这篇课文重点应该了解新型玻璃的特点及作用,学习作者说明事物的方法。</span><br><table style=" margin-right:; "><tbody><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top: solid ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>名&nbsp;称</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top: solid ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">特&nbsp;点</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top: solid ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">作&nbsp;用</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top: solid ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">说明方法</span><span style="font-weight:bold; "></span><br></td></tr><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>夹丝网防盗玻璃</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>自动报警</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>防盗</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>举例子</span><br></td></tr><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>夹丝玻璃</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>非常坚硬</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>安全可靠</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><br></td></tr><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>变色玻璃</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>随阳光的强弱变色&nbsp;</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>自动调节室内光线</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>打比方</span><br></td></tr><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>吸热玻璃</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>夏天阻挡阳光冬天阻挡冷空气</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>使室内冬暖夏凉</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><br></td></tr><tr style="height:; "><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>吃音玻璃</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>消除噪音&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br></td><td style=" padding: border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>使室内噪音减弱</span><span>&nbsp;</span><br></td><td style=" border-left: solid ; mso-border-left-alt: solid ; border-right: solid ; mso-border-right-alt: solid ; border-top:none; ; mso-border-top-alt: solid ; border-bottom: solid ; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid ; "><br><span>打比方&nbsp;列数字</span><br></td></tr></tbody></table><br><span>【</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点词</span><span>】</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>型( ) 博( ) 促( ) 犯( )&nbsp;&nbsp;殊( ) 即( ) 碎( ) 副( )</span><span><br></span><span>形( ) 搏( ) 捉( ) 范( )&nbsp;&nbsp;珠( ) 既( ) 粹( ) 付( )</span><span><br></span><span>    </span><span>    </span><span><br></span><span> </span><span>夹丝网防盗玻璃  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;消除噪音</span><span><br></span><span>    夹丝玻璃     阻挡强光</span><span><br></span><span>    变色玻璃     自动窗帘</span><span><br></span><span>    吃音玻璃     自动报警</span><span><br></span><span>    吸热玻璃     藕断丝连</span><span><br></span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">10* 松鼠(</span><span>文艺性说明文</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)</span><br><br><span>1&nbsp;</span><span>小松鼠:漂亮、乖巧、驯良、可爱</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>在说明角度、表达方法、语言风格等方面与《鲸》有很大不同。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">从说明的角度来看</span><span>,《鲸》侧重于介绍鲸的形体特点和生活习性,而本文侧重于介绍松鼠的外貌、性格和行动;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">从表达的方法来看,</span><span>《鲸》运用了列数字、举例子、打比方、作比较等说明方法,而本文主要是采用比喻、拟人手法生动形象地说明事物;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">从语言风格上来看,</span><span>《鲸》的语言精练平实,而本文的语言生动传神,极具文学色彩。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">12* 假如没有灰尘</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>作者正是通过灰尘的作用,揭示出一个深刻的哲理:事物往往都具有两面性,只有正确地认识它们,才能趋利避害,造福人类。作者运用了假设、列数字、对比等说明方法,清楚明白而又生动形象地说明了灰尘与人类的密不可分的关系。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>灰尘颗粒的直径一般在百万分之一毫米到几百分之一毫米之间。人眼能看到的灰尘,是灰尘中的庞然大物,细小的灰尘只有在电子显微镜下才能看见。</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;这段话首先运用</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">列举数字的方法</span><span>介绍了灰尘的大小,接着又运用</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">对比的方法</span><span>突出了灰尘非常细小的特点。</span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">补充练习</span><br><br><span><strong>一、正音:</strong></span><br><br><span>即使&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;特殊&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;哺乳&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;处理&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;仍然&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;尽管&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>调节&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;驯良&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;勉强&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;削弱&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span><strong>二、组词:</strong></span><br><br><span>哺(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;判(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;废&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;脑(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;型(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>捕(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;叛(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;费&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;恼(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;形(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><br><br><span>博(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;燥(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;噪(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;滤(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;嫌(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>搏(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;躁(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;澡(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;虑(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;歉(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span><strong>三、搭配词语:</strong></span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的牙齿&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的地方&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地扑</span><br><br><span>适应(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;调节(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;保持&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;消除(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>创造(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阻挡(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;清除&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;陈列(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>判断(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;改变(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span><strong>四、照样子,写词语。</strong></span><br><br><span>强弱:</span><br><br><span>冬暖夏凉:</span><br><br><span>劈头盖脸:</span><br><br><span><strong>五、根据课文内容填空:</strong></span><br><br><span>1.五种新型玻璃的名称:(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。</span><br><br><span>2说明方法有(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)、(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。</span><br><br><span><strong>六、给下列句子选择正确的说明方法,并填在题号后的括号里。</strong></span><br><br><span>A&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>举例子</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>列数字</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>作比较</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>打比方</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E</span><span>假设</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>、有智慧的机器人,据统计,日本有</span><span>15000</span><span>具,美国有</span><span>3200</span><span>具,西德约有</span><span>1000</span><span>具,英国有</span><span>200</span><span>具。(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>、螃蟹在挖洞时,把四对小足当作“挖土机”,把“蟹钳”当作“推土机”。(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>、假如大气没有灰尘,强烈的阳光将使人无法睁开眼睛。(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>、有一种虎鲸胃口大得令人惊骇。有人发现一头虎鲸竟能一次吞下</span><span>60</span><span>头海狗崽子。(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>、蓝鲸是动物世界的大力士。一头蓝鲸前进所产生的功率相当于一个中型火车头的拉力。(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span><strong>七、课内阅读。</strong></span><br><br><span>1、阅读短文,按要求做。</span><br><br><span>不少人看到过象,都说象是很大的动物。其实还有比象大得多的动物,那就是鲸。目前已知最大的鲸约有十六万公斤重,最小的也有两千公斤。我国发现过一头近四万公斤重的鲸,约十七米长,一条舌头就有十几头大肥猪那么重。它要是张开嘴,人站在它嘴里,举起手来还摸不到它的上颚,四个人围着桌子坐在它的嘴里看书,还显得很宽敞。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>)这段话选自《</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>》。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>2</span><span>)用“‖”给本段文为两层。</span><br><br><span>(</span><span>3</span><span>)这段话用了几种说明方法,请你将其中的一种举例说明。</span><br><br><span>_________________________</span><br><br><span>_________________________</span><br><br><span>_________________________</span><br><br><span>2、阅读《新型玻璃》选段,回答下面的问题。</span><br><br><span>夜深了,从一座陈列珍贵字画的博物馆里,突然传出了急促的报警声。警察马上起来,抓住了一个划破玻璃企图盗窃展品的犯罪嫌疑人。你也许不会相信,报警的不是值夜班的看(</span><span>k</span><span>à</span><span>n&nbsp;&nbsp;k</span><span>ā</span><span>n</span><span>)守,而是被划破的玻璃!这是一种特殊的玻璃,里面有一层极细的金属丝网。金属丝网接通电源,跟自动报警器相连。犯罪嫌疑人划(</span><span>hu</span><span>à</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;hu</span><span>á)破玻璃,碰着了金属丝网,警报就响起来了。这种玻璃叫</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>夹(</span><span>ji</span><span>ā</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ji</span><span>á)丝网防盗玻璃</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>博物馆可以采用</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>银行可以采用</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>珠宝店可以采用</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>存放重要图纸</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>文件的建筑物也可以采用</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>另一种“夹丝玻璃”不是用来防盗的。它非常坚硬,受到猛击仍安然无恙,(即</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>既)使被打碎了,碎片仍然藕断丝连地粘(</span><span>ni</span><span>á</span><span>n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zh</span><span>ā</span><span>n</span><span>)在一起,不会伤人。有些国家规定,高层建筑必(需</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>须)采用这种安全可靠的玻璃。</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>、我能用“﹨”划去括号里错误的读音和字。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>、我能给画线的部分加上合适的标点符号。</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>、我能写出下列词语的近义词和反义词。</span><br><br><span>近义词:珍贵(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>企图(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>反义词:坚硬(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>安全(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>、这两段主要讲</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)和</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)两种新型玻璃的</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>和(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>、在介绍“夹丝玻璃”时,作者运用</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)和(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>这两个词形象而又准确地描述出夹丝玻璃非常坚硬、不易破碎的特点。</span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第四单元复习</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点课文内容:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《钓鱼的启示》</span><br><br><span>1《钓鱼的启示》中,我得到的启示:“道德只是个简单的是与非的问题,实践起来却很难。”终生的启示是:“道德只是个简单的是与非的问题,实践起来却很难。一个人要是从小受到像把钓到的大鲈鱼放回湖中这样严格的教育的话,就会获得道德实践的勇气和力量。”</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">2、理解句子:</span><br><br><span>“但是,在人生的旅途中,我却不止一次地遇到了与那条鲈鱼相似的诱惑人的‘鱼’。”&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;这句话中,诱惑人的“鱼”是指:吸引人的,让人喜欢的事物,如:金钱、地位、名利……甚至是那些暂时能带来一点方便的事。</span><br><br><span>举例:学校里考试,老师多给了分数,没人知道;买东西时,售货员多找了钱,去归还,还是将错就错?过马路时,红灯亮了,但周围没有民警叔叔,冲过去,还是等?</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">3、有关道德修养的名言警句:</span><br><br><span>①</span><span>“</span><span>衡量真正的品德,是看他在知道没有人发觉的时候做些什么。”</span><span>──</span><span>孟德斯鸠(法国著名思想家)</span><br><br><span>②</span><span>“</span><span>非常的境遇可以显出非常的气节。”</span><span>──</span><span>莎士比亚(英国著名戏剧家)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《落花生》</span><br><br><span>1、《落花生》是一篇叙事散文,采用借物喻人的写作方法,告诉我们,人要做有用的人,不要做只讲体面,而对别人没有好处的人。(有没有实际用处,主要是指看对他人和社会有没有好处及贡献。)</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;</span><span>作者许地山通过谈论花生的好处,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">借物喻人</span><span>,揭示了学习花生</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">不图虚名、默默奉献</span><span>的品格的主旨,说明人</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">要做有用的人,不要做只讲体面而对别人没有好处的人</span><span>,表达了作者</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">不为名利,只求有益于社会的人生理想和价值观</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>2、全文按事情发展的顺序写了种花生、收花生、吃花生、议花生。其中,议花生是课文的重点部分,作者通过花生的特点,赞美了默默奉献、不图虚名的品格。</span><br><br><span>3、许地山:笔名落华生,现代小说家、散文家。</span><br><br><span>4、理解句子:</span><br><br><span>花生的好处很多,有一样最可贵:它的果实埋在地里,不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样,把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上,使人一见就生爱慕之心。你们看它矮矮地长在地上,等到成熟了,也不能立刻分辨出来它有没有果实,必须挖起来才知道。&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>А爱慕之心:心中产生喜爱、羡慕的感情。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>В这句话运用了对比的写法,把花生和桃子、石榴、苹果相比,说明花生的朴实无华、默默无闻、不计较名利。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">14* 通往广场的路不止一条</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">体会文章的写作特点</span><span>:选择材料的恰当和表达的详略得当。文章只举了两个例子,作者为什么选择这两个例子?课文叙述两个例子的时候,详略处理得特别好:前一个例子详写,后一个例子略写,只着重写了时装展如期开幕的情况和人们对这次时装展的反应,文字不多,却很说明问题。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">16* 珍珠鸟(</span><span>冯骥才</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">)</span><br><br><span>1&nbsp;</span><span>本文是一篇描写生动、富有诗情画意的状物散文。课文以细腻亲切的语言写出了小鸟由“怕”人到“信赖”人的变化过程。小家伙”这个词,让人深深感受到了作者对雏鸟的喜爱之情。</span><br><br><span>2&nbsp;</span><span>“信赖,往往创造出美好的境界”从这句话中我们可以感悟到:无论是人与鸟,还是人与人之间,都需要真诚的信赖。信赖,是创造美好境界的基础。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">补充练习</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span><strong>一、注音</strong></span><br><br><span>附近&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;捕获&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;眼睑&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;挣扎&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;络绎不绝</span><br><br><span>虽然&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;成熟&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;垂蔓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;便宜&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;播种</span><br><br><span><strong>二、组词</strong></span><br><br><span>沮(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)吩(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;尝(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;溅(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;诱(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;须(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>租(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)纷(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;赏(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;践(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;绣(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;需(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>诫(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;钩(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;皎(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;茅(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)辩(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)乱(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>戒(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;钓(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;校(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;矛(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)辨(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)刮(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span><strong>三、搭配词语&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>一(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)涟漪&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)启示&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的月光&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的声音&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的目光</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地摆动&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地抖动&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地操纵&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地甩动&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地欣赏&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地问道</span><br><br><span>分辨(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;抖动(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;面临(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;收获(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>六、《落花生》的作者(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。&nbsp;</span><br><br><span><strong>七、日积月累:</strong></span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),只怕有心人。</span><br><br><span>欲要看究竟,(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。</span><br><br><span>虚心万事能成,&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)。</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),万事功到自然成。</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;),梅花香自苦寒来。</span><br><br><span><strong>八、&nbsp;课内阅读</strong></span><br><br><span>阅读《落花生》选段,回答问题。</span><br><br><span>父亲说:“花生的好处(chù&nbsp;&nbsp;chǔ)很多,有一样最可</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">贵</span><span>:它的果实埋在地里,不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样,把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上,使人一见就</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">生</span><span>爱慕之心。你们看它矮矮地长在地上,等到成熟了,也不能立刻分(辨、辩)出来它有没有果实,必须挖起来才知道。”</span><br><br><span>我们都说是,母亲也点点头。</span><br><br><span>父亲接下去说:“所以你们要像花生,它虽然不好看,可是很有用。”</span><br><br><span>我说:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做只讲体面,而对别人没有好处的人。”</span><br><br><span>父亲说:“对。这是我对你们的希望。”</span><br><br><span>1、“榴”字用音序查字法应查&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,用部首查字&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;部。</span><br><br><span>2、从括号里选一个正确的拼音或汉字画上“√”</span><br><br><span>3、给文中带点字选正确解释画上“&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>贵:</span><span>①</span><span>价格高&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>值得重视&nbsp;</span><span>3</span><span>地位优越&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>以某种情况为可贵</span><br><br><span>生:</span><span>①</span><span>生育&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>生产&nbsp;</span><span>3</span><span>生存&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>生计&nbsp;</span><span>5</span><span>产生&nbsp;</span><span>6</span><span>活的</span><br><br><span>4、在文段中找出两组反义词。</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)——(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)——(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5、作者在听了父亲对花生品格的议论之后受到的感悟是:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第五组&nbsp;遨游汉字王国</span></div><br><span>1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>分为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">“有趣的汉字”</span><span>和</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">“</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">我爱你,汉字</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">”</span><span>两个板块</span><br><br><span>2</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">“写错别字的成因</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">”</span><span>:(1)同音混淆:如,再、在,等。(2).形近搞混:如,已、己等。(3).多笔少画:酒、洒;(2)多竖少竖,如,候、侯;(3)多撇少撇,如,式、柳。(4).对字义不加分析致错:如,象、像。(5)由于心急,本应写前一字,心里却想着下一字,结果造成写错……</span><br><br><span>3&nbsp;</span><span>《仓颉造字》是一个传说,介绍了汉字的来历。文章的一、二两段主要讲人类早期长期没有文字,曾经用过“</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">结绳记事”</span><span>、“</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">物语</span><span>”等方法,但都很不方便。三、四两段讲传说中是仓颉创造了汉字。他从</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">模仿鸟的足迹</span><span>开始,进而</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">根据事物的形状</span><span>创造了汉字。</span><br><br><span>《“册”“典”“删”的来历》是一篇有关汉字的知识短文。甲骨文和金文是我国现存的古老文字。“册”是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">竹条连缀而成的大竹片</span><span>,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">“典”是用手捧着文册</span><span>,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">“删”是用刀削去错字</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">谐音歇后语</span><span>:飞机上吹喇叭——想(响)得高&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;四两棉花——谈(弹)不上</span><br><br><span>谐音对联:六七八九二三四五横批:缺衣(一)少食(十)</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">造字法:</span><span>象形字:人(</span><span>)月(</span><span>)山(</span><span>)牛(</span><span>)马(</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>指事字:上(&nbsp;</span><span>)上加一横指上。下(</span><span>)下加一横,指下。</span><br><br><span>会意字:休(&nbsp;</span><span>)表示人靠在树旁休息。采(</span><span>)表示手在树上摘。</span><br><br><span>形声字:左形右声:蚂、蚁、编、清</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">汉字的演化</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">:</span><span>1.甲骨文&nbsp;2.金文&nbsp;3.篆书4.隶书&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;楷书&nbsp;&nbsp;草书&nbsp;&nbsp;行书</span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第六单元复习</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">17地震中的父与子</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>主要内容:</span><br><br><span>有一年发生在美国的大地震中,一位父亲冒着危险,抱着坚定的信念,不顾劝阻,历尽艰辛,经过38小时的挖掘,终于在废墟中救出儿子合同学的故事。</span><br><br><span>中心思想:</span><br><br><span>歌颂了伟大的父爱,赞扬了深厚的父子之情。</span><br><br><span>重点句:</span><br><br><span>1.“不论发生什么,我知道你总会跟我在一起。”</span><br><br><span>文中3次出现。</span><br><br><span>因为他是父亲对儿子的承诺,是儿子在绝境中满怀信心的力量源泉,也是父亲坚持到底决不放弃的原因。反复出现,多处呼应,通过父亲的责任感充分表现了崇高的父爱,通过儿子对父亲诺言的深信不疑说明对父亲多么信赖。了不起的父与子共同创造了奇迹。</span><br><br><span>2.</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;“他挖了</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">8</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">小时,</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">12</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">小时,</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">24</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">小时,</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">36</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">小时,没人再来阻挡他。”</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">这句话突出了父亲挖的时间长、过程艰难,表现出父亲执著的信念和为救儿子所克服的巨大困难</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">.</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span>3.“了不起的父与子,无比幸福地紧紧拥抱在一起。”</span><br><br><span>说父亲了不起,是因为他为了儿子,决不放弃,实现对儿子的承诺。多么坚忍不拔、决不放弃的父亲!多么恪守诺言、有责任感的父亲!</span><br><br><span>说儿子了不起,是因为长达38小时的漆黑的瓦砾堆下,没有水,没有食物,只有恐惧与危险。然而7岁的阿曼达却能在这种情况下,告诉同学不要害怕,坚持生的希望;当得到父亲的救援时,他首先想到的是“先让我的同学出去吧!”同死神搏斗,最终生还,巨大的精神力量来自对父亲真诚诺言的信赖;奇迹的出现来自伟大的父爱。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">(答题要点:</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">父亲坚持不懈</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">信守承诺</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">儿子鼓励同学</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">信赖父亲</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">让同学先脱离险境)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">19“精彩极了”和“糟糕透了”</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>主要内容:</span><br><br><span>这篇文章讲的是妈妈对我作的第一首小诗的评价是</span><span>“</span><span>精彩极了</span><span>”</span><span>,而爸爸的评价却是</span><span>“</span><span>糟糕透了</span><span>”</span><span>。许多年后事业成功了,也明白了,父母对自己的两个极端的断言,其实是两种不同的表达爱的方式。</span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">按时间顺序,讲述作者七八岁时写了第一首诗,妈妈的评价是“精彩极了”,爸爸的评价是“糟糕透了”。“我”对“精彩极了”的评价的反映是“得意洋洋”,而对“糟糕透了”的评价的反映是“痛哭起来”。母亲的评价是针对“我”</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">七八岁就会写诗这件事,并不多想诗本身的质量如何;父亲的评价注意的诗本身的质量。这两种评价有一个共同的出发点——爱。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span><strong>重点句:</strong></span><br><br><span>1.“我越来越体会到我当初是多么幸运。”</span><br><br><span>一是“我”有个常常鼓励我的慈祥的母亲,她常常肯定“我”,给“我”力量,母亲的爱是“我”创作的灵感和源泉;二是“我”还有一个严厉的父亲,他的警告和教育,使我不走向歧途,“我”写了很多作品,出版、发行了一部部作品的力量来自于父母两方面,所以我是多么的幸运。</span><br><br><span>2.我从心底里知道,“精彩极了”也好,“糟糕透了”也好,这两个极端的断言有一个共同的出发点——那就是爱。</span><br><br><span>这一句话写出了“我”对母亲的“精彩极了”的赞扬声和父亲“糟糕透了”的批评声,都有一个正确的认识,那就是父母共同的出发点——“爱”。正因为“我”,明白了父母的爱,所以在成长的过程中能够谨慎的把握住生活的小船,使它不被哪一股风刮倒,意思是说,不会产生自傲和自悲。有父母时常的提醒,在爱鼓励下,不断前进。</span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">3</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">.</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">“在成长的过程中能够谨慎地把握住生活的小船,使它不被哪一股风刮倒”,意思是说:不会自傲和自悲,有父母时常的提醒,在爱的鼓舞下,不断前进。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">4</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">.</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">多年后,我成功的因素有:</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">1</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">〉母亲的鼓励,激励自己满怀信心地前进;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">2</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">〉父亲的严厉、严格要求,使自己不至于被一时的成功冲昏头脑;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">3</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">〉自己对这两种爱的平衡。其中,最重要的是:自己对这两种爱的平衡。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">18* 慈母情深(梁晓声)</span><br><br><span>为什么母亲第二次给我钱买书,而我说我没有权利买别的东西?</span><br><br><span>答母亲挣钱那么不易,家境那么困难,但毫不犹豫地给钱让我买书,使我满足了读书的强烈愿望。我如果用那钱买别的东西,实在对不起母亲</span><span>,</span><span>对不起母亲浓浓的爱子真情。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">20* 学&nbsp;会&nbsp;看&nbsp;病(毕淑敏)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">母亲的感情变化</span><span>:做出决定</span><span>----</span><span>犹豫后悔</span><span>------</span><span>担心自责</span><span>-----</span><span>勇气回升</span><br><br><span>注意黄冈小状元中关于这一课的练习。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">写父母之爱的文章</span><span>:《父爱,在拐角处》</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>朱自清《背影》</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>冰心《纸船</span><span>---</span><span>寄母亲》</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>古诗《游子吟》</span><br><br><div><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">补充</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">五六单元</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">练习</span></div><br><span>一、请你为词语中的加点字选择正确读音。(在正确的读音上打“√”)&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>解剖(pāo&nbsp;pōu)&nbsp;造诣(yì&nbsp;zhǐ&nbsp;)&nbsp;油脂(zhǐ&nbsp;zhī)&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>驰骋(chéng&nbsp;chěng)&nbsp;腼腆(mián&nbsp;miǎn)&nbsp;歧途(qí&nbsp;qǐ&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>二、请你根据拼音写出词语中空缺的字。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>废xū&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;jí(&nbsp;)病&nbsp;bào(&nbsp;)&nbsp;炸&nbsp;chàn(&nbsp;)&nbsp;抖&nbsp;糟gāo(&nbsp;)&nbsp;téng(&nbsp;)写&nbsp;出bǎn(&nbsp;)&nbsp;cí(&nbsp;)祥&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>qí&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;途&nbsp;jǐn(&nbsp;)&nbsp;慎&nbsp;自&nbsp;háo(&nbsp;)&nbsp;瓦&nbsp;lì&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;启&nbsp;dí&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;慈&nbsp;xiáng&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;奇miào&nbsp;(&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>三、请你在括号里填写恰当的字,把词语补充完整。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>(&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)声笑语&nbsp;破烂不(&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)&nbsp;(&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)怀信心&nbsp;一如(&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)往&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>四、选词填空&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>1、他挖了8小时,12小时,24小时,36小时,没有人再来&nbsp;(阻止&nbsp;阻挡)他。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>2、我告诉同学们不要害怕,说&nbsp;(只要&nbsp;如果)我爸爸活着就一定会来救我,也能救大家。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>五、把古诗词补充完整&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>1、&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,明月何时照我还。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>2、洛阳城里见秋风,&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>3、风一更,雪一更,</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>4、五岭逶迤腾细浪,</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>5、&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>,大渡桥横铁索寒。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>六、关联词语填空&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>1、(&nbsp;)发生什么,我(&nbsp;)会跟你在一起。&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>2、(&nbsp;)我爸爸活着(&nbsp;)一定会来救我,也能救大家。&nbsp;</span><br><br><span></span><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第七单元</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《圆明园的毁灭》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">1</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">《圆明园的毁灭》一课,首先介绍了圆明园的毁灭是中国乃至世界文化史上不可估量的损失,接着介绍了圆明园众星拱月般的布局、风格各异的建筑风格、收藏文物的珍贵,再现了圆明园当年的宏伟壮观。最后介绍了圆明园毁灭的经过。本文首尾呼应,表达了对祖国文化的热爱和对侵略者的无比仇恨,激发人们不忘国耻,增强振兴中华的责任感、使命感。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">不可估量(二声)</span><span>:“估量”是推算、计算的意思。“不可估量”是说圆明园的毁灭损失巨大,无法计算。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">玲珑剔透</span><span>:“玲珑”,精致灵巧;“剔透”,剔除多余的部分,使透空明晰。“玲珑剔透”,形容器物小巧玲珑,精致奇妙。</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>题目为“毁灭”,却用了大量的篇幅写它辉煌的过去,把美的东西毁灭了,这真是一个悲剧,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">更能激起读者的痛心与仇恨。</span><br><br><span>中心思想:</span><span>课文描述了圆明园昔日辉煌的景观和惨遭侵略者肆意践踏而毁灭的景象,表达了作者对祖国灿烂文化的无限热爱,对侵略者野蛮行径的无比仇恨,激发人们不忘国耻,增强振兴中华的责任感和使命感。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">强化生字:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">字音:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>不可估量(&nbsp;liáng&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;灰烬(&nbsp;jìn&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瑰(&nbsp;guī&nbsp;)宝</span><br><br><span>玲珑(&nbsp;lóng&nbsp;)剔(&nbsp;tī)透</span><br><br><span>形近字组词:</span><br><br><span>玲(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;珑(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;瑰(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瑶(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;篷(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>铃(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;拢(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;槐(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;谣(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蓬(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">填上合适的词语:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的损失&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><span>的皇家原林&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的殿堂&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的境界&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的亭台楼阁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;园林艺术的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;建筑艺术的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;饱览(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一(&nbsp;&nbsp;)灰烬</span><br><br><span>( </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span> )罪证</span><br><br><span><strong>近义词:</strong></span><br><br><span>珍贵——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;销毁——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;笼罩——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>宏伟</span><span>—&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span><strong>反义词:</strong></span><br><br><span>毁灭——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;损失——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热闹——&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span><strong>积累四字词语:</strong></span><br><br><span>举世闻名&nbsp;众星拱月&nbsp;玲珑剔透&nbsp;亭台楼阁&nbsp;诗情画意&nbsp;&nbsp;天南海北&nbsp;&nbsp;奇珍异宝</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">重点句理解:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>(1)圆明园的毁灭是</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">祖国文化史上不可估量的损失</span><span>,也是</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">世界文化史上不可估量的损失</span><span>!</span><br><br><span>这句话出现在文章的开头。作者直抒胸臆,写出了圆明园的毁灭给中国乃至世界带来的损失。“不可估量”是说损失巨大,无法计算。圆明园不论在布局上和建筑上,还是它所收藏的历史文物的历史价值和数量上都是前所未有的,它是园林艺术的瑰宝、建筑艺术的精华。所以说它的毁灭是“祖国文化史上不可估量的损失,也是世界文化史上不可估量的损失</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">”</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>(2)</span><span>他们把园里</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">凡是</span><span>能拿走的东西,</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">统统</span><span>掠走;拿不动的,就用大车或牲口搬运;实在运不走的,就</span><span style=" font-emphasize:dot; ">任意</span><span>破坏、毁掉。</span><br><br><span>这段话出现在英法联军侵入北京,闯进圆明园之后。“凡是”“统统”说明他们已经把圆明园洗劫一空。“任意”则写出了他们的疯狂、野蛮。这段话生动地表现了英法联军的贪婪,激起了读者的强烈愤慨,增强了振兴中华的责任感和使命感。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">总结做这类题的方法:先解释加点词语的意思,再结合文章内容谈感受。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">研究三、四自然段。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>(1)填空背诵:</span><br><br><span>(2)给第三、四自然段分层,讲清层意及第四自然段的承上启下句。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《狼牙山五壮士》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>1、&nbsp;</span><span>主要内容:</span><span>课文记叙了抗日战争时期,八路军某部七连六班的五个战士,为了掩护群众和连队转移,诱敌上山,英勇杀敌,最后把敌人引上狼牙山顶峰,英勇跳崖的故事,表现了五壮士热爱祖国、热爱人民、仇恨敌人、勇于牺牲的革命精神和英雄气概。</span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">全文记叙的顺序可以概括为:接受任务一痛击敌人一引上绝路一顶峰歼敌一跳下悬崖。</span><span><br></span><span><br></span><span>2、强化生字:</span><br><br><span>绷(&nbsp;běng&nbsp;)得紧紧的&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>嗖(&nbsp;sōu&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磨(&nbsp;mò&nbsp;&nbsp;)盘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;坠(&nbsp;zhuì&nbsp;)入&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;骨髓(&nbsp;suǐ)</span><span><br></span><span>沉着(&nbsp;zhuó&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;豪迈(&nbsp;mài&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>3、形近字组词:</span><br><br><span>抡(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;寇(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;骑(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;腔(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;壮(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>抢(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;冠(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;崎(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;控(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;状(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>4、把词语补充完整:</span><br><br><span>叽里呱啦的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的口号声&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的地形&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;满腔的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)的山路&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浑身的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;指挥(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  )&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;痛击( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;坠落(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; )&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>眺望( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; )&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地瞄准</span><br><br><span>5、近义词:</span><br><br><span>掩护—&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;依托—&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;豪迈—</span><br><br><span>6、反义词:</span><br><br><span>豪迈—</span><br><br><span>7、积累四字词语:</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;)腔(&nbsp;&nbsp;)火&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;)钉(&nbsp;&nbsp;)铁&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)七(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)八</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;)高(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)下&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;)身(&nbsp;&nbsp;)骨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)首(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)胸</span><br><br><span>(&nbsp;&nbsp;)烈(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)迈&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)天&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)地&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)强不(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">8、句子理解:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>①为了不让敌人发现群众和连队主力,班长马宝玉斩钉截铁地说了一声“走!”带头向棋盘陀走去。战士们热血沸腾,紧跟在班长后面。</span><span><br></span><span>这两句话表现了五壮士为保护群众和连队主力,坚定不移的决心和不畏牺牲的精神。一个“走”字,铿锵有力,掷地有声,体现出班长态度之坚定、决定之果断,饱含着五壮士高昂的斗志和对人民的深切的爱,表现出崇高的自我牺牲的精神。“斩钉截铁”比喻处理事情或说话坚定果断,毫不犹豫。这里,没有写其他战士的语言,只写他们的内心状态(“热血沸腾”)和动作(“紧跟”)。说明他们和班长的想法是一致的。</span><span><br></span><span>②顿时.石头像雹子一样,带着五位壮士的决心,带着中国人民的仇恨,向敌人头上砸去。山坡上传来一阵叽里呱啦的叫声,敌人纷纷滚落深谷。</span><span><br></span><span>把石头比作“雹子”说明石头砸下非常迅猛,非常有力。这两句话充分体现出五壮士英勇杀敌的决心和与敌人血战到底的英雄气概。</span><span><br></span><span>③这是英雄的中国人民坚强不屈的声音!这声音惊天动地,气壮山河!</span><span><br></span><span>“这声音”指的是五壮士跳崖时呼喊的壮烈豪迈的口号:“打倒日本帝国主义!中国共产党万岁!”充分体现出五壮士对日本帝国主义的仇恨,对党和人民的热爱与忠诚。这种恨与爱,是五壮士英勇顽强、不怕牺牲的力量之源,是党所领导下的八路军、新四军战士们的力量之源,也是敌后抗日根据地英雄儿女们的力量之源。这句话充分赞扬了中国人民将抗战进行到底的决心和不怕牺牲的英雄气概。</span><span><br></span><br><span>9、背诵五壮士英勇跳崖的部分。</span><br><br><span>10、总结表达方法:按事情发展顺序写;抓住人物的动作、神态、语言写具体;有多个人物时既突出重点人物,又兼顾其他人物等。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">23* 难忘的一课</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>按照事情发展的顺序,讲述了抗日战争胜利以后,作者在台湾的一所乡村小学,见到一位年轻的台湾教师认真教孩子们学习祖国文字的动人情景,以及在学校礼堂里参观中国历代伟人像的深切感受,表达了</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">台湾人民热爱祖国的深厚感情和强烈的民族精神</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>“我是中国人,我爱中国”这句简短而又深刻的话贯穿全文,反复出现,每一次都伴随着一段情节,都表达了人物的思想感情。它既是文章的线索,又是情感的主线,集中体现了台湾人民强烈的爱国热情。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">24* 最后一分钟</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>这是一首充满激情的诗。作者倾诉了1997年7月1日香港回归祖国怀抱最后一分钟这一具有历史意义的特殊时刻的思绪,表达了全中国人民积蓄心中的强烈的爱国情感和对香港回归祖国后美好前程的衷心祝福。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>澳门回归时间:1999年12月1日&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;叩问:真诚热切地询问。</span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">第八单元</span></div><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《七律·长征》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>1、&nbsp;</span><span>回顾全诗句意,感悟思想感情。</span><br><br><span>《七律&#8226;长征》是毛泽东在红军长征胜利结束时写下的一首诗。全诗生动地概述了二万五千里长征的艰难历程,赞颂了中国工农红军的革命英雄主义和革命乐观主义精神。</span><span><br></span><span>这是一首七律诗,全诗共八行,每行七个字,每两行为一句,共四句,分首联、颔联、颈联、尾联。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>这是一首七言律诗,共四句,分</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">首联、颔联、颈联、尾联</span><span>。颔联承接“千山”。作者先用“逶迤”和“磅礴”的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">夸张</span><span>手法极言山势雄险,用的是“扬”的手法,而后用“细浪”和“泥丸”的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">比喻</span><span>手法言其渺小,用的是“抑”的手法,这抑扬之间更显出红军的伟大。“颈联承接“万水”。一“暖”一“寒”,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">既写出了天气情况,又写出了心理感受。</span><br><br><span>全诗围绕第一句话展开叙述,以最后一句话作总结。是总分总的结构。</span><br><br><span>2、&nbsp;</span><span>纠正字音:</span><br><br><span>逶(wēī)迤(yí)&nbsp;&nbsp;远征难(nán)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;磅礴(bó)&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>只等闲(xián)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;岷(mín)山&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;尽(jìn)开颜</span><br><span><br></span><span>3、</span><span>形近字组词:</span><br><br><span>薄(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;岷(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闲(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;征&nbsp;(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>礴(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;眠(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闭(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;证(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>&nbsp;崖(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;暖(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;涯(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;缓(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>4、词语理解:</span><br><br><span>万水千山:这里的千、万都是泛指,形容山无数,水无数,隐含着困难多、艰险多。</span><span><br></span><span>等闲:平平常常的意思。逶迤:弯弯曲曲连绵不断的样子。</span><br><br><span>腾细浪:翻腾着细小的浪花。</span><br><br><span>磅礴:气势雄伟,这里指山势高大、险峻。</span><span><br></span><span>走泥丸:小泥球在脚下滚过去。&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>云崖:高耸入云的山崖。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>尽开颜:全都喜笑颜开。</span><span><br></span><span>三军:指中国工农红军一、二、四方面军(当年没有编制红三方面军),也就是整个红军。</span><span><br></span><br><span>5、句子理解:</span><br><br><span>⑴&nbsp;&nbsp;红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲:红军不怕远征的艰难险阻,把历经千山万水的艰难困苦看作是平平常常的事。</span><span><br></span><span>⑵ 五岭逶迤腾细浪,乌蒙磅礴走泥丸:五岭山脉那样高低起伏,绵延不绝,可在红军眼里不过像翻腾着的细小波浪;乌蒙山那样高大雄伟,气势磅礴,可在红军看来,不过像在脚下滚过的泥丸。</span><span><br></span><span>⑶ 金沙水拍云崖</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">暖</span><span>,&nbsp;大渡桥横铁索</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">寒</span><span>:金沙江两岸悬崖峭壁,湍急的流水拍击着两岸高耸的山崖,给人以温暖的感受(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">暗示红军巧渡金沙江后的欢快心情)</span><span>;大渡河上的泸定桥横跨东西两岸,只剩下十几根铁索,使人感到深深的寒意(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">暗示红军飞夺泸定桥的惊险悲壮</span><span>)。</span><span><br></span><span>⑷ 更喜岷山千里雪,三军过后尽开颜:更使红军欣喜的是翻过了千里皑皑白雪的岷山,人人心情开朗,个个笑逐颜开。</span><br><span><br></span><span>6、背诵课文。</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">《开国大典》</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>1、主要内容:1949年10月1日,中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立,在首都天安门广场举行典礼。下午三点整,典礼开始,首先奏国歌,接着毛泽东宣布:“中华人民共和国中央人民政府在今天成立了!”然后,升国旗。升旗以后,毛泽东宣读了中央人民政府公告。宣读公告完毕,阅兵式开始。受检阅的有海军、步兵、炮兵、战车、骑兵,还有人民空军的飞机。阅兵式之后,开始了群众游行。直到晚上九点半,游行队伍才完全走出天安门广场。</span><br><br><span>课文按照</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">开国大典进行的顺序叙述</span><span>,记叙了1949年10月1日首都北京举行开国大典的盛况,表达了中国人民对新中国的诞生无比</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">自豪、激动</span><span>的心情,展现了</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">毛泽东的领袖风采</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>2、</span><span>《开国大典》记叙了1949年10月1日在首都北京举行开国大典的盛况,表达了中国人民对新中国的诞生无比自豪、激动的感情。</span><span><br></span><br><span>3、字音:</span><br><br><span>正(zhèng)午&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;排山倒(dǎo)海&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;擎(qíng)着&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;诞(dàn)生&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瞻(zhān)仰&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>直奔(bèn)</span><br><br><span>3、&nbsp;</span><span>形近字组词:</span><br><br><span>钮(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;爆(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;郊(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;防(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;佛(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;协(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>纽(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;暴(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;效(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;妨(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;拂(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;胁(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span><br></span><span>扭(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀑(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;校(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;仿(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>4、&nbsp;</span><span>词语搭配:</span><br><br><span>迎风招展&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;舞着火把&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;挺着胸膛&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;擎着红旗(灯)</span><span><br></span><span>高高耸起&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;提着红灯&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;探着身子&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;缓缓进场&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;徐徐上升</span><br><br><span>按动电钮&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宣读公告&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宣读命令&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瞻仰国旗&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>庄严的宣告&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;雄伟的声音&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;千千万万的灯火&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;整整齐齐地前进&nbsp;</span><span><br></span><span>排山倒海的掌声&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不断地欢呼(挥手、高呼)</span><span><br></span><span>五颜六色的火花&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;雷鸣般的掌声&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;预定的地点&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>5、近义词:</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;汇集(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;庄严(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宣告(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>6、反义词:</span><br><br><span>汇集(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;肃静(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>7、词语理解:</span><br><br><span>开国大典:创建国家的重大的典礼。 典礼:郑重举行的仪式。</span><br><br><span>擎:举。</span><br><br><span>瞻仰:恭敬地看。</span><span><br></span><br><span>8、对句子的理解:</span><br><br><span>1三十万人的目光一齐投向主席台。</span><span><br></span><span>“一齐”说明了人民群众的心是一致的,对国家领袖都充满了崇高与爱戴之情。</span><span><br></span><span>2两股“红流”分头向东城、西城的街道流去,光明充满了整个北京城。</span><span><br></span><span>“光明充满了整个北京城”,不仅指灯笼火把照亮了北京城,而且象征着中华人民共和国的成立,使北京城永远摆脱了过去黑暗统治,获得了光明。这是群众心里的光明。</span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">3五星红旗升起来了,表明中国人民从此站起来了。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">“五星红旗”代表中华人民共和国,五星红旗升起来了,代表中国人民推翻了反动统治,翻了身,当家作主了。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">4群众差不多把嗓子都喊哑了,把手掌都拍麻了,还觉得不能够表达自己心里的欢喜和激动。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">这句话运用了夸张的写法,表达了人民群众对子弟兵的无比信赖和无比热爱的思想感情。</span><br><br><span>注意黄冈小状元上关于这一课的练习题</span><br><br><span>9、研读第七自然段:</span><br><br><span>①填空练习:</span><br><br><span>这(庄严)的(宣告),这(雄伟)的(声音),使全场三十人一齐(欢呼)起来。这(庄严)的(宣告),这(雄伟)的(声音),经过无线电的广播,传到(长城内外),传到(大江南北),使全中国人民的心一齐(欢跃)起来。</span><span><br></span><span>&nbsp;②“这庄严的宣告,这雄伟的声音”指什么?</span><br><br><span>③默写。</span><br><br><span>10、总体回顾:</span><br><br><span>课文按照</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">开国大典进行的顺序</span><span>叙述。先讲</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">大会开始前会场上的情况</span><span>;然后讲</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">典礼的主体部分——奏国歌,毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立、升国旗、宣读中央人民政府公告</span><span>;接着讲</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">阅兵式的盛况</span><span>;最后讲</span><span style=" text-decoration:underline ; ">群众游行</span><span>。</span><span><br></span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">27* 青山处处埋忠骨</span><br><br><span>这篇课文主要讲了毛泽东的爱子毛岸英在抗美援朝的战争中光荣牺牲后,毛泽东惊悉这个噩耗后极度痛苦的心情和对岸英遗体是否归葬的抉择过程,表现了毛泽东常人的情感,超人的胸怀。全文以毛泽东的思想感情变化为线索,</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">28* 毛主席在花山</span><br><br><span>1这是一篇略读课文,文章记叙了毛泽东1948年春夏之交住在花山村时的几件事,表现了毛泽东热</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">爱群众、关心群众</span><span>、和群众打成一片的革命情怀,深刻反映了毛泽东既是伟人,也是普通的群众。</span><br><br><span>2</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">善抓细节,通过细微之处来表现毛泽东普通群众的情怀</span><span>是本文的一个特色。</span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">1</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">—</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">8</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">单元</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">近义词</span></div><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">惧怕—恐惧</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">急切—迫切</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">鼓励—鼓舞</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">主张—主意</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">通顺—流畅</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">贯通—贯穿</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">环绕—缠绕</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">感叹—感慨</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">忽略—忽视</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">亲切—亲热</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">呐喊—呼喊</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">模仿—仿照</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">偶尔—偶然</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">稀罕—稀奇</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">漂泊—漂流</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">秉性—性格</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">姿态—姿势</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">欣赏—观赏</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">干涸—干枯</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">点缀—装饰</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">凉爽—凉快</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">宽敞—宽广</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">捕获—捕捉</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">锋利—锐利</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">机警—机灵</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">矫健—矫捷</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">噪音—噪声</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">坚硬—坚固</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">柔和—柔软</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">抉择—选择乞求—恳求</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">沮丧—懊丧</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">教导—教诲</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">爱慕—倾慕</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">吩咐—嘱咐</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">信赖—信任</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">舒适—舒服</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">神奇—神秘</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">流畅—通畅</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">端庄—端正</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">拘束—拘谨</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">颤抖—发抖</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">耽误—耽搁</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">敬仰—敬重</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">艰涩—生涩</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">磨炼—锻炼</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">依照—按照</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">险要—险峻</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">屹立—耸立</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">崇高—高尚</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">崭新—簇新</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">寂静—安静</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">等闲—平常</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">诞生—出生</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">慰问—慰劳</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">悲痛—悲哀</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">沉思—深思</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">端详—打量</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">排山倒海—惊天动地</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">络绎不绝—川流不息</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">造诣—功夫</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">积</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">累</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">运</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; ">用</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">1</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">一日无书,百事荒芜:读书要持之以恒,一日不可间断。(《三国志》陈寿)</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">2</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">读书破万卷,下笔如有神:大量阅读,写作时就会如有神助。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">(</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">杜甫《奉赠韦左丞二十二韵》</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">)</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">3</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">书犹药也,善读之可以医愚:是对会读书重要性的比喻说法。(刘向)</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">4</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">黑发不知勤学早,白首方悔读书迟:在少年时不知道发愤苦读,等老了后悔再想要读书就迟了,应该珍惜时光。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">(</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">颜真卿《劝学》</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">5</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">读书有三到,谓心到、眼到、口到:谓,叫做。读书要精神专一,全神贯注口惟心诵,才能有所得。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">(</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">朱熹的《训学斋规》</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">)</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">6</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">悠悠天宇旷,切切故乡情:在空旷的天宇之下,我思乡的心情更加迫切了。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">7</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">浮云终日行,游子久不至:浮云整日飘来飘去,远去的朋友已好久没有相见了。(游子:李白。拿浮云比游子,是说他们的行踪都是飘浮不定的。可以看出诗人心中充满思念和惆怅。)</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">8</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">落叶他乡树,寒灯独夜人:他乡的树已经落叶了,夜里,在寒冷的灯光下,也是飘泊他乡的孤独的人啊。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">9</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">明月有情应识我,年年相见在他乡:如果明月有情的话,它应该认识我啊,因为每年我们都能在他乡相见。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">10</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">家在梦中何日到,春生江上几人还:家乡只在我的梦里,什么时候才能回去呢?你看那春天的江面上来来往往的人,有几个是回去的呢?</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">11</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">江南几度梅花开,人在天涯鬓斑白了:记不清东南的梅花开了有多少次了,离开家乡的我已是双鬓斑白了。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">12</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">世上无难事,只怕有心人(谚语):只要肯下决心去做,世界上没有什么办不好的事情,困难总是可以克服的。意思相近的谚语还有:“世上无难事,只要肯登攀”“路在人走,事在人为”“不怕无能,只怕无恒”“有志者,事竟成”。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">13</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">欲要看究竟,处处细留心:想要把事情(问题)搞清楚、弄明白,那就要处处注意仔细观察。欲:想,究竟:结果,原委;留心:注意。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">14</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">虚心万事能成,自满十事九空:虚心能帮助你把许许多多的事办成功;而自以为是,骄傲自满,那十件事中可能会有九件办不成,也就是说事情办成的可能性就很小了。虚心:不自以为是,能够接受别人的意见,自满:满足于自己已有的成绩。这句话从正反两方面说明了虚心学习的重要。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">15</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">滴水能把石穿透,万事功到自然成:滴水可以穿石,只要有恒心,不怕花时间和力气,坚持努力下去,事情就一定能做成功。滴水:一滴一滴往下落的水,功:功夫和力量,自然:理所当然。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">16</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来:宝剑的锋利,需要经过反复磨练才能形成,梅花的清香是经历了严冬的考验才换得的。人要成材,事要成功,都得付出代价,经历考验。锋:锋利,磨砺:摩擦使其锐利,比喻磨练;苦寒:极端寒冷,严寒。和这句话谚语相似的说法还有:“不经一番彻骨寒,哪来梅花扑鼻香”等。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">17</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">兄弟敦和睦,朋友笃信诚:兄弟之间要崇尚和睦,朋友之间要注重诚信。敦:忠厚;笃:忠实。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">18</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">孝在于质实,而不在于饰貌:孝敬父母在于内心充满敬意与爱心,而不只在于礼节上做得十分周全。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">19</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">爱亲者,不敢恶于人;敬亲者,不敢慢于人:要爱自己的父母,必须爱天下所有的父母,不敢对于他人的父母有一点厌恶。要敬自己的父母,必须敬天下所有人的父母,不敢对他人的父母有一丝的怠慢。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">20</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远:不恬静寡欲无法明确志向,不排除外来干扰无法达到远大目标。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br><br><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">21</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">《卜算子</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">.</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; ">咏梅》:风风雨雨刚把春天送走,漫天飞雪又迎春天来到。看悬崖已结下百丈坚冰,凌寒霜却盛开花枝艳俏。虽艳俏却不同桃李争春,只把那春消息向人间预报。等鲜花光灿灿开遍山野,那梅花在花丛摇曳含笑。</span><span style=" letter-spacing:; "></span><br></div>