2018年小学五年级数学下册期末考试试卷及答案详解

<strong><span>一</span></strong><strong><span>.填空题</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.380立方厘米</span><span>=( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>升 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;30厘米</span><span>=( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>米</span><br><br><span>2.3平方米</span><span>=( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>平方米</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>平方分米.</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.既是24的因数,又是6的倍数的数有</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>.</span><div><br><span>3</span><span>.要统计某校各年级人数应选用</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>统计图,要统计某地区2015年一年降水量的变化情况应选用</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>统计图.</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.用48cm长的铁丝正好做成一个正方体框架,这个正方体的棱长是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>cm.如果在它的表面糊上一层纸,至少需要</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span>的纸,这个正方体的体积是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span>.</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>.</span><span>有一个长方体的正面和底面的面积之和是352平方厘米,如果它的长、宽、高都是大于10的质数,则长方体的体积是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>立方厘米</span><br><br><span>6</span><span>.大于3/5</span><span>而小于</span><span>的分数4/5有</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>个.</span><br><br><span>7</span><span>.A</span><span>=</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,B</span><span>=</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,A和B的最大公因数是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>,最小公倍数是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>8</span><span>.在</span><span>○</span><span>里填上“>”、“<”、或“=”.</span><br><br><span>3/10○</span><span>4  </span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;6/7</span><span>○</span><span>0.8  </span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;6/7</span><span>○9/16</span><br><br><span>9</span><span>.能同时被2、3、5整除的最小两位数是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>.</span><br><br><span>10</span><span>.24瓶同样的木糖醇中有一瓶少了4颗,略轻一些,丁丁用天平称一称,至少称</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>次就一定能找出来.</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>1</span><span>.一个两位数,除以4余3,除以5余4,这样的两位数最小是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>,最大是</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>.一个长3分米、宽2分米、高2分米的长方体木块的表面涂满红漆后,再把它锯成棱长是1分米的小正方体(锯路损耗忽略不计),能锯成这样的小正方体</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>个,其中三面涂有红漆的小正方体有</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><span>个.</span><br><br><strong><span>二</span></strong><strong><span>.判断题</span></strong><br><br><span>1.有2,4,8,16四个数,它们都是合数</span><span>。 ( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>2.把5/6</span><span>米平均分成5份,每份是它的1/5</span><span>。 ( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>3</span><span>.7米的1/9</span><span>和9米的1/7</span><span>相等</span><span>。( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.10kg糖,吃了4/5</span><span>,还剩5kg</span><span>。( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>.在1</span><span>-3/8</span><span>中,可以把1看成8个</span><span>。</span><span>( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)</span><br><br><span>6</span><span>.分数2/7</span><span>的分子加上6,要使分数的大小不变,分母应该加上21.</span><br><br><strong><span>三</span></strong><strong><span>.选择题</span></strong><br><br><span>1.在1~10各数中,合数有( </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span> )个.</span><br><br><span>A.10</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>B.9</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>C. 5</span><br><br><span>2.如图中涂色部分的面积占整个图形面积的( </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span> )</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102036.png?m=0.19697824575841105"><br><br><span>A.1/16</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>B</span><span>.1/9</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>C.1/4</span><br><br><span>3.一小瓶眼药水的体积是10(  </span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>A.L</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>B.dm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>C.mL</span><br><br><span>4.下列各数中不能化成有限小数的分数是(  </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>A.7/14</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span>B.5/16</span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>C.10/24</span><br><br><span>5.把两个表面积都是45平方厘米的正方体,把它们拼成一个长方体,这个长方体的表面</span><span>积是( </span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span> )平方厘米.</span><br><br><span>A.75</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>B.82.5</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>C.90</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102228.png?m=0.7201759872184574"><br><br><strong><span>四.计算题</span></strong><strong></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.直接写得数</span><br><br><span><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/20187310242.png?m=0.8234614382065168"></span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>2.解方程.</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102524.png?m=0.23995485133931105"><br><br><span>3</span><span>.计算下列各题,能简算的要简算</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102911.png?m=0.15300996937052047"><br><br><strong><span>五</span></strong><strong><span>.解答题</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.在图中画出三角形AOB绕O点逆时针旋转90°后的图形.</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102950.png?m=0.53836707076041"><br><br><span>2</span><span>.</span><span>下面是育才小学四年级男、女生参加课外活动小组的人数情况统计表</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873103021.png?m=0.3575646401837933"><br><br><span>(1)完成下面的统计图.</span><br><br><span>育才小学四年级课外小组男生、女生人数统计图</span><br><br><span>(2)回答下列问题.</span><br><br><span>①( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)课外小组的男生最多;( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)课外小组的女生最多.</span><br><br><span>②( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)课外小组的人数最多;( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)课外小组的人数最少.</span><br><br><span>(3)你能提出哪些数学问题?(至少提一个问题,多提一个问题(需要计算的要计算))</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/20187310318.png?m=0.7789154738169985"><br><br><strong><span>六</span></strong><strong><span>.应用题</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.一辆客车和一辆货车同时从甲乙两站相对开出,3小时相遇,相遇后两车都以各自速度继续行驶,已知客车又行了4小时到乙站,货车又行多少小时到甲站?</span><br><br><span>2</span><span>.某销售公司去年完成销售任务情况如下:第一季度完成1/4</span><span>,第二季度完成1/3</span><span>,第三季度完成2/5</span><span>,第四季度完成5/12</span><span>,超额完成全年销售任务的几分之几?</span><br><br><span>3.两堆煤原来相差12吨,如果从多的一堆中运走1/8</span><span>吨,从少的一堆中运走0.4吨,这时两堆煤相差多少吨?</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.将45厘米和30厘米的两根绳子分成同样的小段,且没有剩余,每段最长是多少厘米?</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>.一个长方体油箱的底面是周长为20分米的正方形,高是8分米,制作这个油箱至少要用铁皮多少平方分米?</span><br><br><span>6</span><span>.把一块底面积为100平方厘米,高20厘米的长方体石料,浸没在一个棱长4分米的正方体水槽里,如果原来水面高度是28厘米,放入石块后的水面高度是多少厘米?</span><br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><font color="#38761d"><strong>2017-2018五</strong><strong>年级</strong><strong>(下)</strong><strong>数学</strong><strong>期末综合检测</strong><strong>(参考答案)</strong></font></div><br><strong><span>一</span></strong><strong><span>.填空题</span></strong><br><br><span>1</span><span>.380立方厘米=</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 0.38 </span></span><span>升 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;30厘米=</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 0.3 </span></span><span>米</span><br><br><span>2.3平方米=</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 2 </span></span><span>平方米</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 30 </span></span><span>平方分米.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>把380立方厘米化成升数,用380除以进率1000;</span><br><br><span>把30厘米化成米数,用30除以进率100;</span><br><br><span>把2.3平方米化成复名数,整数部分2时平方米数,0.3乘进率100就是平方分米数;即可得解.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:380立方厘米=0.38升 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;30厘米=0.3米</span><br><br><span>2.3平方米=2平方米 30平方分米;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:0.38,0.3,2,30.</font></span><br><br><br><span>2</span><span>.既是</span><span>24的因数,又是6的倍数的数有</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 6、12、24 </span></span><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>先找出24的因数,然后找出24以内(包括24)的6的倍</span><span>数,进而结合题意,得出结论.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:24的因数有:1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24;</span><br><br><span>24以内的6的倍数有:6,12,18,24;</span><br><br><span>所以既是24的因数,又是6的倍数的数有:6,12,24.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:6,12,24.</font></span><br><br><br><span>3</span><span>.要统计某校各年级人数应选用</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 条形 </span></span><span>统计图,要统计某地区2015年一年降水量的变化情况应选用</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 折线 </span></span><span>统计图.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>条形统计图能很容易看出数量的多少;折线统计图不仅容易看出数量的多少,而且能反映数量的增减变化情况;扇形统计图能反映部分与整体的关系;由此根据情况选择即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:要统计某校各年级人数应选用 条形统计图,要统计某地区2015年一年降水量的变化情况应选用 折线统计图;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:条形,折线.</font></span><br><br><span>4</span><span>.用48cm长的铁丝正好做成一个正方体框架,这个正方体的棱长是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 4 </span></span><span>cm.如果在它的表面糊上一层纸,至少需要</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 96 </span></span><span>cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span>的纸,这个正方体的体积是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 64 </span></span><span>cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>48厘米是正方体的棱长和,根据正方体的棱长之和等于12乘棱长,用48除以12,即可求出正方体的棱长,</span><br><br><span>再用棱长乘以棱长乘6,即可求出正方体6个面的面积,即表面糊上一层纸至少需要的面积,</span><br><br><span>再用棱长乘棱长乘棱长求出正方体的体积.</span><br><br><span>由此列式解答即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:48</span><span>÷</span><span>12=4(厘米)</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>×</span><span>4</span><span>×</span><span>6</span><br><br><span>=16</span><span>×</span><span>6</span><br><br><span>=96(平方厘米)</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>×</span><span>4</span><span>×</span><span>4=64(立方厘米)</span><br><br><span>答:这个正方体的棱长是4cm.如果在它的表面糊上一层纸,至少需要96cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span>的纸,这个正方体的体积是64cm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:4,96,64.</font></span><br><br><br><span>5</span><span>.(1分)有一个长方体的正面和底面的面积之和是352平方厘米,如果它的长、宽、高都是大于10的质数,则长方体的体积是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 2717 </span></span><span>立方厘米.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>正面和底面之和为352平方厘米,所以长</span><span>×</span><span>宽</span><span>+</span><span>长</span><span>×</span><span>高=长</span><span>×</span><span>(宽</span><span>+</span><span>高)=352,把352分解因数为:352=2</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>11,又因为长、宽、高都是质数,故长=11,宽</span><span>+</span><span>高=32,同样32只能分成13</span><span>+</span><span>19,所以这个长方体的三个棱长分别为11、13、19,由此可以解决问题.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:352=11</span><span>×</span><span>32=11</span><span>×</span><span>(13</span><span>+</span><span>19),</span><br><br><span>所以长宽高分别为:11厘米、13厘米、19厘米,</span><br><br><span>体积是:11</span><span>×</span><span>13</span><span>×</span><span>19=2717(立方厘米).</span><br><br><span>答:长方体的体积是2717立方厘米.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:2717.</font></span><br><br><br><span>6</span><span>.大与</span><span>而小于</span><span>的分数有</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 无数 </span></span><span>个.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>依据分数的基本性质,将两个分数的分子和分母同时扩大若干倍,介于它们中间的真分数就会有无数个,据此即可进行解答即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:将</span><span>和</span><span>的分子和分母扩大若干个相同的倍数(2、3、4、5…),分母是5的同分母的分数没有,而不同分母的分数有很多个,所以在</span><span>和</span><span>之间会出现无数个真分数.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:无数.</font></span><br><br><br><span>7</span><span>.A=2</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,B=3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,A和B的最大公因数是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 105 </span></span><span>,最小公倍数是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 1050 </span></span><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据“公有质因数的乘积就是这两个数的最大公因数;公有质因数与各自独有质因数的连乘积就是这两个数的最小公倍数.”解答即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:因为A=2</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,B=3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7,</span><br><br><span>所以A和B的最大公因数是:3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7=105,</span><br><br><span>最小公倍数是:2</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>7=1050;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:105,1050.</font></span><br><br><br><span>8</span><span>.在</span><span>○</span><span>里填上“</span><span>></span><span>”、“</span><span><</span><span>”、或“=”.</span><br><br><span>10/3○</span><span>4  6/7</span><span>○</span><span>0.8  6/7</span><span>○9/16</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>先把分数转化成小数,再根据小数比较方法进一步得出结论.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:10/3</span><span>≈</span><span>3.33,3.33</span><span><</span><span>4,即10/3</span><span><</span><span>4;</span><br><br><span>6/7≈</span><span>0.857,0.857</span><span>></span><span>0.8,即6/7</span><span>></span><span>0.8;</span><br><br><span>6/7≈</span><span>0.857,9/16</span><span>≈</span><span>0.563,0.857</span><span>></span><span>0.563,即6/7</span><span>>9/16</span><span>;</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>故答案为:</span><span><</span><span>,</span><span>></span><span>,</span><span>></span><span>.</span></font><br><br><br><span>9</span><span>.能同时</span><span>被2、3、5整除的最小两位数是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 30 </span></span><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>首先根据能同时被2、5、3整除的数一定是2、3、5的公倍数,求出它们的最小公倍数,找出其中最小的两位数即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:2</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>3=30</span><br><br><span>即2、5、3的最小公倍数是30,</span><br><br><span>所以能同时被2、5、3整除的最小两位数是30.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:30.</font></span><br><br><br><span>1</span><span>0</span><span>.(1分)24瓶同样的木糖醇中有一瓶少了4颗,略轻一些,丁丁用天平称一称,至少称</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 3 </span></span><span>次就一定能找出来.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>把24瓶木糖醇平均分成三份,每份8瓶,任取2瓶,分别放在天平秤两端,若平衡,则少的那瓶在未取的8瓶中,若不平衡;把天平秤较高端的8瓶,分成3瓶,3瓶,2瓶三份,把两份3瓶的分别放在天平秤两端,若平衡,最后把剩余2瓶分别放在天平秤两端,较高端即为少4颗的,若不平衡,从较高端的3瓶中任取2瓶,分别放在天平秤两端即可解答.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:第一次:把24瓶木糖醇平均分成三份,每份8瓶,任取2瓶,分别放</span><span>在天平秤两端,若平衡,则少的那瓶在未取的8瓶中(按照下面方法操作),若不平衡;</span><br><br><span>第二次:把天平秤较高端的8瓶,分成3瓶,3瓶,2瓶三份,把两份3瓶的分别放在天平秤两端,若天平秤平衡,最后把剩余2瓶分别放在天平秤两端,较高端即为少4颗的,若不平衡;</span><br><br><span>第三次:从较高端的3瓶中任取2瓶,分别放在天平秤两端,若天平秤平衡,则未取那瓶即为少4颗的,若不平衡,较高端的即为少4颗的.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:3.</font></span><br><br><br><span>11</span><span>.一个两位数,除以4余3,除以5余4,这样的两位数最小是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 19 </span></span><span>,最大是</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 99 </span></span><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据一个两位数,除以4余3,除以5余4,通过观察可以发现,这个自然数比4、5的最小公倍数少1,求出这几个数的最小公倍数减去1,据此即可解答.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:最小:4</span><span>×</span><span>5﹣1</span><br><br><span>=20﹣1</span><br><br><span>=19</span><br><br><span>最大:100以内4、5的最大公倍数是100,100﹣1=99.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:19,99.</font></span><br><br><br><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>.一个长3分米、宽2分米、高2分米的长方体木块的表面涂满红漆后,再把它锯成棱长是1分米的小正方体(锯路损耗忽略不计),能锯成这样的小正方体</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 12 </span></span><span>个,其中三面涂有红漆的小正方体有</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> 8 </span></span><span>个.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>(1)长3分米可以切出3</span><span>÷</span><span>1=3块;宽4分米可以切下2</span><span>÷</span><span>1=2块;高2分米可以切出2</span><span>÷</span><span>1=2块,由此借助长方体的体积公式即可解答.</span><br><br><span>(2)因为1面涂色的在面上,2面涂色的在棱长上,3面涂色的在顶点处,因此只有顶点处的小方块三面涂色,即8个.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:(1)(3</span><span>÷</span><span>1)</span><span>×</span><span>(2</span><span>÷</span><span>1)</span><span>×</span><span>(2</span><span>÷</span><span>1)</span><br><br><span>=3</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><br><br><span>=12(个)</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:能锯成这样的小正方体12个.</font></span><br><br><br><span>(2)顶点处的小方块共8个三面涂色.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:12,8.</font></span><br><br><strong><span>二</span></strong><strong><span>.判断题</span></strong><br><br><span>1.(1分)有2,4,8,16四个数,它们都是合数.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>×</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span>【分析】</span><span>根据合数与质数的意义,我们知道2是质数,其它三个数都是合数.</span><br><br><span>【解答】</span><span>解:根据合数与质数的意义,我们知道2是质数,其它三个数都是合数,因此,题干说法错误.</span><br><br><span>故答</span><span>案为:</span><span>×</span><span>.</span><br><br><br><span>2.(1分)把5/6</span><span>米平均分成5份,每份是它的1/5</span><span>.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> √ </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>求每份长是它的几分之几,平均分的是单位“1”,求的是分率;用除法计算.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:每段占全长的分率:1</span><span>÷</span><span>5=1/5</span><span>.</span><br><br><span>答:每段占全长的1/5&nbsp;</span><span>,</span><br><br><span>故答案为:√.</span><br><br><br><span>3</span><span>.(1分)7米的1/9</span><span>和9米的1/7</span><span>相等.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>×</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>用乘法分别求出7米的</span><span>和9米的</span><span>,再比较运算结果.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:7</span><span>×1/9</span><span>=7/9</span><span>(米)</span><br><br><span>9</span><span>×1/7</span><span>=9/7</span><span>(米)</span><br><br><span>9/7></span><span>1</span>>7/9<br><br><span>所以7米的1/9</span><span>和9米的1/7</span><span>相等的说法是错误的,应该是7米的1/9</span><span>小于9米的1/7</span><span>;</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>故答案为:</span><span>×</span><span>.</span></font><br><br><br><span>4</span><span>.10kg糖,吃了4/5</span><span>,还剩5kg.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>×</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>首先根据题意,把糖的总重量看作单位“1”,然后根据分数乘法的意义,用糖的总重量乘剩下的占的分率,求出还剩多少kg即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:10</span><span>×</span><span>(1﹣4/5</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>=10</span><span>×1/5</span><br><br><span>=2(kg)</span><br><br><span>答:还剩2kg.</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>故答案为:</span><span>×</span><span>.</span></font><br><br><br><span>5</span><span>.(2分)在1﹣3/8</span><span>中,可以把1看成8个1/8</span><span>.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> √ </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>1可以看作是分子分母相同的分数,即1=8/8</span><span>,然后再进一步解答.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:在1﹣3/8</span><span>中,可以把1看成</span><span>,也就是8个</span><span>,然后再计算.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:√.</font></span><br><br><br><span>6</span><span>.分数</span><span>的2/7分子加上6,要使分数的大小不变,分母应该加上21.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span> √ </span></span><span>.(判断对错)</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>分数</span><span>的2/7分子加上6,扩大了4倍,根据分数的基本性质,要使分数的大小不变,分母也应扩大4倍,变成28,即加上21,据此解答即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:(2</span><span>+</span><span>6)</span><span>÷</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>7﹣7</span><br><br><span>=8</span><span>÷</span><span>2</span><span>×</span><span>7﹣7</span><br><br><span>=28﹣7</span><br><br><span>=21</span><br><br><span>所以要使这个分数的大小不变,分母应加上21.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故答案为:√.</font></span><br><br><strong><span>三</span></strong><strong><span>.选择题</span></strong><br><br><span>1.(1分)在1</span><span>~</span><span>10各数中,合数有(  )个.</span><br><br><span>A.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span></span><span>&nbsp;B.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span></span><span>C. 5</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>自然数中,除了1和它本身外,没有别的因数的数为质数;除了1和它本身外还有别的因数的数为合数.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:1</span><span>~</span><span>10各数中,合数有4、6、8、9、10,共5个;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:C.</font></span><br><br></div><div><br></div><div><span>2.如图中涂色部分的面积占整个图形面积的(  )</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102036.png?m=0.19697824575841105"><br><br>A.1/16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.1/9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C.1/4<br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>将单位“1”平均分成若干份,表</span><span>示这样一份或几份的数为分数.据此意义分析题目中的图形进行选择即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:图中的三角形被平均分成4</span><span>×</span><span>4=16份,其中涂色部分为一份,</span><br><br><span>根据分数的意义可知,涂色部分占整个图形的:1</span><span>÷</span><span>16=1/16</span><span>.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:A.</font></span><br><br><br><span>3.(1分)一小瓶眼药水的体积</span><span>是10(  )</span><br><br><span>A.L</span><span></span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.dm</span><sup><span style=";vertical-align:super;">3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></sup><span></span><span>C.mL</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据生活经验,对容积单位和数据的大小认识,可知计量一小瓶眼药水的体积用“毫升”做单位;据此得解.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:一小瓶眼药水的体积10毫升;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:C.</font></span><br><br><br><span>4.(1分)下列各数中不能化成有限小数的分数是(  )</span><br><br><span>A.7/14</span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B.5/16</span><span></span><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C.10/24</span><span style=";;-;">&nbsp;</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>判断一个分数能否化成有限小数,首先要看这个分数是不是最简分数,如果不是最简分数要先</span><span>约分.再根据一个最简分数,如果分母中只含有质因数2或5,这个分数就能化成有限小数;如果分母中含有2和5以外的质因数,这个分数就不能化成有限小数.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:A、7/14</span><span>约分后是1/2</span><span>,分母中只有质因数2,所以能化成有限小数;</span><br><br><span>B、5/16</span><span>的分</span><span>母中只含有质因数2,所以能化成有限小数;</span><br><br><span>C、10/24</span><span>约分后是5/12</span><span>,分母中含有质因数3,所以不能化成有限小数.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:C.</font></span><br><br><br><span>5.把两个表面积都是45平方厘米的正方体,把它们拼成一个长方体,这个长方体的表面积是(  )平方厘米.</span><br><br><span>A.75</span><span></span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.82.5</span><span></span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.90</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>两个表面积都是45平方厘米的正方体拼成一个长方体,长方体的表面积就比原来两个正方体减少了2个面,那么长方体的表面积等于正方体10个面的面积,所以先求出正方体一个面的面积,然后即可求出长方体的表面积.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:45</span><span>÷</span><span>6=7.5(平方厘米)</span><br><br><span>7.5</span><span>×</span><span>10=75(平方厘米)</span><br><br><span>答:长方体的表面积是75平方厘米.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:A.</font></span><br><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102228.png?m=0.7201759872184574"><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>从右面看:前后两排,后排一个居右;从上面看:前后两排,后排有三个相连成一排,前排一个居右;从正面看:前排三个,后排一个居中,据此选择即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:根据分析可得,观察这一组正方体积木</span><span>,从上面看到的是</span><span>;</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">故选:A.</font></span><br><br><strong><span>四.计算题</span></strong><br><br><span>25.直接写得数</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873111156.png?m=0.30978893245306405"><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据分数加减法的计算方法进行解答即可,8/9</span><span>+4/11</span><span>+1/9</span><span>运用加法的交换律进行简算,3﹣2/9</span><span>﹣7/9</span><span>运用减法的性质进行简算.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873111320.png?m=0.26997288777076234"><br><br><span>26.解方程.</span><br><br><span>4</span><span>×</span><span>25﹣3.5x=5.5</span><br><br><span>x﹣(3/14</span><span>+4/7</span><span>)=1/2</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>(3﹣2</span><span>x)=2.4</span><span>×</span><span>5.</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>(1)首先根据等式的性质,两边同时加上3.5x,然后两边再同时减去5.5,最后两边再同时除以3.5即可.</span><br><br><span>(2)首先化简,然后根据等式的性质,两边同时加上11/14</span><span>即可.</span><br><br><span>(3)首先根据等式的性质,两边同时除以5,然后两边再同时加上2x,再两边同时减去2.4,最后两边再同时除以2即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>(1)4</span><span>×</span><span>25﹣3.5x=5.5</span><br><br><span>100﹣3.5x</span><span>+</span><span>3.5x=5.5</span><span>+</span><span>3.5x</span><br><br><span>5.5</span><span>+</span><span>3.5x=100</span><br><br><span>5.5</span><span>+</span><span>3.5x﹣5.5=100﹣5.5</span><br><br><span>3.5x=94.5</span><br><br><span>3.5x</span><span>÷</span><span>3.5=94.5</span><span>÷</span><span>3.5</span><br><br><span>x=27</span><br><br><br><span>(2)x﹣(3/14</span><span>+4/7</span><span>)= 1/2</span><br><br><span>x﹣11/14</span><span>=1/2</span><br><br><span>x﹣11/14</span><span>+11/14</span><span>=1/2</span><span>+11/14</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/20187311211.png?m=0.5463142991617307"><br><br><br><span>(3)5</span><span>×</span><span>(3﹣2x)=2.4</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>(3﹣2x)</span><span>÷</span><span>5=2.4</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>÷</span><span>5</span><br><br><span>3﹣2x=2.4</span><br><br><span>3﹣2x</span><span>+</span><span>2x=2.4</span><span>+</span><span>2x</span><br><br><span>2.4</span><span>+</span><span>2x=3</span><br><br><span>2.4</span><span>+</span><span>2x﹣2.4=3﹣2.4</span><br><br><span>2x=0.6</span><br><br><span>2x</span><span>÷</span><span>2=0.6</span><span>÷</span><span>2</span><br><br><span>x=0.3</span><br><br><br><span>27.(12分)计算下列各题,能简算的要简算.</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873112317.png?m=0.43347964689619256"><br><font color="#0000ff"><br><span>【分析】</span></font><span>①</span><span>先算小括号内的减法,再算括号外的加法;</span><br><br><span>②⑤</span><span>运用减法的性质简算,</span><br><br><span>③</span><span>通分计算,</span><br><br><span>④</span><span>运用加法交换律、结合律以及减法的性质简算,</span><br><br><span>⑥</span><span>先算乘法,再算减法.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:</span><span>①4/5</span><span>+</span><span>(3/8</span><span>﹣1/4</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>=4/5</span><span>+1/8</span><br><br><span>=37/40</span><br><br><br><span>②</span><span>2﹣3/7</span><span>﹣4/7</span><br><br><span>=2﹣(3/7</span><span>+4/7</span><span>)</span><br><br><span>=2﹣1</span><br><br><span>=1</span><br><br><br><span>③5/8</span><span>﹣1/3</span><span>+5/12</span><br><br><span>=15/24</span><span>﹣8/24</span><span>+10/24</span><br><br><span>=17/24</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873112548.png?m=0.25978424480048723"><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>⑥</span><span>8.8﹣2.5</span><span>×</span><span>1.8</span><br><br><span>=8.8﹣4.5</span><br><br><span>=4.3</span><br><br><strong><span>五</span></strong><strong><span>.解答题</span></strong><br><br><span>34.在图中画出三角形AOB绕O点逆时针旋转90°后的图形.</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873102950.png?m=0.53836707076041"><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据旋转的特征,三角形AOB绕点O逆时针旋转90°后,点O的位置不动,其余各部分均绕此点按相同方向旋转相同的度数,即可画出旋转后的图形.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:在图中画出三角形AOB绕O点逆时针旋转90°后的图形(下图):</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/20187311271.png?m=0.5627088106201319"><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>2.</span><span>下面是育才小学四年级男、女生参加课外活动小组的人数情况统计表.</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873112737.jpg?m=0.43822754359698557"><br><br><span>(1)完成下面的统计图.</span><br><br><span>育才小学四年级课外小组男生、女生人数统计图</span><br><br><span>(2)回答下列问题.</span><br><br><span>①</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>科技小组</span></span><span>课外小组的男生最多;</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>舞蹈队</span></span><span>课外小组的女生最多.</span><br><br><span>②</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>合唱队</span></span><span>课外小组的人数最多;</span><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>美术小组</span></span><span>课外小组的人数最少.</span><br><br><span>(3)你能提出哪些数学问题?(至少提一个问题,多提一个问题(需要计算的要计算))</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873112813.png?m=0.3152825819308278"><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/20187311293.png?m=0.09534317911488044"><br><br><strong><span>五.应用题</span></strong><br><br><span>28.(3分)一辆客车和一辆货车同时从甲乙两站相对开出,3小时相遇,相遇后两车都以各自速度继续行驶,已知客车又行了4小时到乙站,货车又行多少小时到甲站?</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>首先根据题意,可得客车行完全程需要7(3</span><span>+</span><span>4=7)小时,然后求出相遇时,客车行了全程的几分之几,再根据路程</span><span>÷</span><span>时间=速度,用相遇时货车行驶的路程占全程的分率除以两车相遇用的时间,求出货车每小时行驶全程的几分之几;最后根据路程</span><span>÷</span><span>速度=时间,求出货车行完全程一共需要多少小时,再用它减去3即可.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:3</span><span>+</span><span>4=7(小时)</span><br><br><span>1</span><span>÷[</span><span>(1﹣1/7</span><span>×</span><span>3)</span><span>÷</span><span>3</span><span>]</span><span>﹣3</span><br><br><span>=1</span><span>÷[</span><span>(1﹣3/7</span><span>)</span><span>÷</span><span>3</span><span>]</span><span>﹣3</span><br><br><span>=1</span><span>÷4/21</span><span>﹣3</span><br><br><span>=5.25﹣3</span><br><br><span>=2.25(小时)</span><br><font color="#ff0000"><br><span>答:货车又行2.25小时到甲站.</span></font><br><br><br><span>29.(4分)某销售公司去年完成销售任务情况如下:第一季度完成1/4</span><span>,第二季度完成1/3</span><span>,第三季度完成2/5</span><span>,第四季度完成5/12</span><span>,超额完成全年销售任务的几分之几?</span><br><font color="#0000ff"><br><span>【分析】</span></font><span>把去年全年计划的任务看作单位“1”,根据题意,先求出实际四个季度共完成全年任务的几分之几,进而减去1得解.</span><br><br><span>【解答】</span><span>解:</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873113316.png?m=0.9220485163396452"><br><br><span>答:超额完成全年销售任务的2/5</span><span>.</span><br><br><br><span>30.两堆煤原来相差12吨,如果从多的一堆中运走1/8</span><span>吨,从少的一堆中运走0.4吨,这时两堆煤相差多少吨?</span><br><br><img src="//www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2018/0703/201873113951.png?m=0.8185793689130465"><br><font color="#ff0000">答:这两堆煤相差12.275吨</font><br><br><span>31.将45厘米和30厘米的两根绳子分成同样的小段,且没有剩余,每段最长是多少厘米?</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据题意,两根绳子分成同样的小段,那么45和30的公因数就是每小段的长度,计算出45与30的最大公约数,即是每小段绳子的最长的长度.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:45=3</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><br><br><span>30=2</span><span>×</span><span>3</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>3=15(厘米)</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:每段最长是15厘米.</font></span><br><br><br><span>32.(5分)一个长方体油箱的底面是周长为20分米的正方形,高是8分米,制作这个油箱至少要用铁皮多少平方分米?</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>首先根据正方形的周长公式求出底面边长,再根据长方体的表面积公式:s=(ab</span><span>+</span><span>ah</span><span>+</span><span>bh)</span><span>×</span><span>2,把数据代入公式解答.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:20</span><span>÷</span><span>4=5(分米),</span><br><br><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>+</span><span>5</span><span>×</span><span>8</span><span>×</span><span>4</span><br><br><span>=25</span><span>×</span><span>2</span><span>+</span><span>40</span><span>×</span><span>4</span><br><br><span>=50</span><span>+</span><span>160</span><br><br><span>=210(平方分米),</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:制作这个油箱至少要用铁皮210平方分米.</font></span><br><span> </span><br><br><span>33.把一块底面积为100平方厘米,高20厘米的长方体石料,浸没在一个棱长4分米的正方体水槽里,如果原来水面高度是28厘米,放入石块后的水面高度是多少厘米?</span><br><br><span><font color="#0000ff">【分析】</font></span><span>根据题意得出:放入石块后升高的水的体积等于石料的体积,根据长方体体积公式:V=abh求出石料的体积,用石料的体积除以正方体容器的底面积即可求出升高的水的高度,用原来的高度加上升高的高度就是现在的水面高度.</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">【解答】</font></span><span>解:100</span><span>×</span><span>20=2000(立方厘米)</span><br><br><span>4分米=40厘米</span><br><br><span>28</span><span>+</span><span>2000</span><span>÷</span><span>(40</span><span>×</span><span>40)</span><br><br><span>=28</span><span>+</span><span>1.25</span><br><br><span>=29.25(厘米)</span><br><font color="#ff0000"><br><span>答:放入石块后的水面高度是29.25厘米.</span></font><br><br></div>