北师大版小学一年级数学下册《有几种走法》竞赛题及答案

<span>一、</span><strong><span>知识讲述</span></strong><strong></strong><br><span><br></span><div><span>小朋友已学会了解答反映部分量与总量之间的相并关系的简单应用题,我们还要逐步学会把数学知识应用于生活实际,提高应用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。解答这类题时,小朋友要学会分析题中的条件和问题。</span><br><br><span>可以从已有的条件出发,根据问题,弄清它们间的关系,确定正确的解题方法。</span><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><span>二、</span><strong><span>例题精讲</span></strong><strong></strong><br><span style="font-weight:bold;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-weight:bold;">例1.</span><span>从</span><span>学校</span><span>到</span><span>汽车站有两条路可走,从汽车站到图书馆有一条路可走,从学校经过汽车站到图书馆,有几种不同走法?</span><br><br><span>列举法</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:有两种不同走法。</font></span><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><span>练习:</span><span>小红</span><span>从家到敬老院有两条路可走,从敬老院到公园也有两条路可走,小红从家经过敬老院到公园有几种不同的走法?</span><br><span>答:</span><span>有</span><span>4</span><span>种不同的走法</span><span>。</span><br><br><strong><span>例</span></strong><strong><span>2.</span></strong><span>从</span><span>小华</span><span>家</span><span>到学校有三条路可走,从学校到公园有两条路可走,从小华家经过学校到公园,有几种不同的走法?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:有</span><span>6种不同的走法。</span></font><br><br><span>练习:</span><span>从公园到城堡有两条路,从</span><span>城堡</span><span>到森林动物园有四条路,从公园经过城堡到森林动物园有几种不同的走法?</span><br><span>&nbsp;</span><br><img src="https://www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2019/0121/201912117628.png?m=0.7438921629909194"><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>有</span><span>8</span><span>种不同的走法</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><strong><span>例</span></strong><strong><span>3.</span></strong><span>一只</span><span>蚂蚁从“1”</span><span>爬到</span><span>“4”</span><span>(</span><span>只能向上或向右</span><span>爬行</span><span>),有几种</span><span>不同</span><span>的走法?</span><br><br><img src="https://www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2019/0121/201912117102.png?m=0.3973937446578546"><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>有</span><span>3</span><span>种</span><span>不同</span><span>的走法</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>练习:</span><span>1</span><span>.小蜗</span><span>从</span><span>“1”</span><span>爬到</span><span>“5”</span><span>(</span><span>如有图,只能向上或向右</span><span>爬行</span><span>),有几种不同的路线?</span><br><br><img src="https://www.szxuexiao.com/uploadimages/2019/0121/201912117102.png?m=0.3973937446578546"><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>有</span><span>2</span><span>种不同的路线</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><strong><span>例</span></strong><strong><span>4.</span></strong><span>班</span><span>上举行乒乓球比赛,每一排推选一名代表,共</span><span>4排</span><span>,所以有</span><span>4名</span><span>同学参加比赛,每个人都要和另外三个人赛一场,这样一共要打几场乒乓球比赛?</span><br><br><span>3+2+1=6(场)</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>这样一共要打</span><span>6</span><span>场乒乓球比赛</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>练习:</span><span>上海举行市足球比赛,共有</span><span>5个</span><span>对参赛,每对</span><span>都要</span><span>和另外</span><span>4个</span><span>对赛一场,这样一共要踢几场足球比赛?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>一共要踢</span><span>10</span><span>场足球比赛</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><strong><span>例</span></strong><strong><span>5.</span></strong><span>小</span><span>明、小华和小军</span><span>3个</span><span>小朋友六一儿童节互相送贺卡</span><span>,</span><span>每人都要收到另外两个小朋友的贺卡,一共要送多少张贺卡?</span><br><br><span>2+2+2=6(张)</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>一共要送</span><span>6</span><span>张贺卡</span></font><br><br><span>练习:小红、小英和小丽3个小朋友,互相赠送照片留念,她们一共要送出多少张照片?</span><br><br><span>2+2+2=6(张)</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>一共要送</span><span>6</span><span>张贺卡</span></font><br><br><span>【选讲】用数字1、2、3可以组成多少个不同的三位数?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>可以组成6个不同的三位数。</span></font><br><br><span>变形练习:用数字4、5、6可以组成多少个不同的三位数?</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:可以组成6个不同的三位数。</font></span><br><br><span>三、</span><strong><span>【综合精炼】</span></strong><strong></strong><br><span><br></span></div><div><span>1、</span><span>小</span><span>英从家到书店有两条路可走,从书店到电影院有</span><span>三</span><span>条路可走,从家到书店再到电影院有几种不同的走法?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>有</span><span>6</span><span>种不同的走法</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>2.</span><span>从甲地到乙地有三条路,从乙地到丙地有四条路,从甲地到乙地再到丙地有几种走法?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>甲地到乙地再到丙地有</span><span>12</span><span>种走法</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>3.</span><span>公园前门到后门只有这样几条汽车行驶路线(如下图所示),一辆汽车从前门到后门共有几种不同的走法(不能</span><span>走</span><span>重复</span><span>的</span><span>路)</span><span>?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>汽车从前门到后门共有</span><span>6</span><span>种不同的走法</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>4.</span><span>4</span><span>个</span><span>小伙伴再新年来临之</span><span>前</span><span>互相赠送贺年卡,这样一共要送出多少张贺</span><span>年</span><span>卡?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>一共要送出</span><span>12</span><span>张贺</span><span>年</span><span>卡</span><span>。</span></font><br><br><span>5.小红、小丽、小华在一次聚会上相互握手,每个人都要和另外两个人握手,一共要握多少次手?</span><br><br><font color="#ff0000"><span>答:</span><span>一共要握3次手。</span></font><br><br><span>6、</span><span>学校组织排球赛,每个年级推选一个班级作为代表,共有6个年级参加比赛,比赛采取淘汰赛,一共要进行多少场比赛才能产生冠军?</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:一共要进行5场比赛才能产生冠军</font></span><br><br><span>7、</span><span>一年级组织足球比赛,共有甲、乙、丙、丁四个班参加,每个班都要和另外三个班踢一场比赛,这样一共要踢几场比赛?</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:3+2+1=6(场)</font></span><br><br><span><strong>【挑战竞赛】</strong></span><br><br><span>用</span><span>0、2、3可以组成多少个不同的三位数?</span><br><br><span><font color="#ff0000">答:可以组成4个不同的三位数。</font></span><br></div><div><span><br></span></div>