教科版小学三年级科学下册复习资料

<div><div style="text-align: center;"><strong><font color="#ff0000">教科版小学三年级科学下册复习资料</font></strong></div><br><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>第一单元&nbsp;《植物的生长变化》</strong></div><br><span>1、植物在它们的生命过程中都要经历</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">出生、成长、繁殖、衰老</span><span>直至死亡的过程。</span><br><br><span>2&nbsp;、我们熟悉的绿色开花植物几乎都是从</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">种子</span><span>开始它们新的生命的。</span><br><br><span>3、不同植物的种子,它们的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">形状、大小、颜色</span><span>等外部特征各不相同。但种子的里面是相同的,都有</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">胚根和胚芽</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>4、凤仙花的播种方法是</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">选种、放土、下种、浇水</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>选种要挑选&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">饱满的</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">没有受过损伤</span><span>的种子。</span><br><br><span>给凤仙花浇水时,一般可以往凤仙花&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">周围的土壤&nbsp;</span><span>上浇水。</span><br><br><span>5、种植植物是一项长期研究的观察活动,要做好</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">管理、观察和记录</span><span>等工作</span><br><br><span>6、通过观察,我们发现种子萌发先</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">长根</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span>,再&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">长茎和叶</span><span>&nbsp;。</span><br><br><span>7、植物的</span><span style=" font-style:italic; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; ">根</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span>总是</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">向下</span><span>&nbsp;生长的。根的&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">生长速度较快&nbsp;</span><span>。根能够&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">吸收土壤中的水分和矿物质</span><span>&nbsp;,还能&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">将植物固定在土壤</span><span>中。</span><br><br><span>8、植物的&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; ">绿叶&nbsp;</span><span>可以&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">制造&nbsp;</span><span>植物生长所需要的&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">养料&nbsp;</span><span>。植物叶都是平展的,且在植株上是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">交叉</span><span>生长的,这有利于接受更多的阳光。</span><br><br><span>9、绿色植物中的叶绿体能够利用光把二氧化碳和水转化成养料,并释放出氧气。(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">光合作用</span><span>)</span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">阳光</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">二氧化碳+水——→氧气+养料</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; "></span><br><br><span>10、植物的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; ">茎</span><span>&nbsp;具有&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">支撑植物&nbsp;</span><span>及&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">运输水分和养料</span><span>&nbsp;的作用。植物的茎能&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">从下向上</span><span>&nbsp;将根吸收的水分和矿物质运输到植物体的各个部分;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">从上向下&nbsp;</span><span>将绿叶制造的养料运输到植物体的各个部分。</span><br><br><span>11、凤仙花等植物的茎垂直地面向上生长,这样的茎叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">直立茎</span><span>&nbsp;;牵牛花的茎缠绕在其他物体上向上生长,这样的茎叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">缠绕茎</span><span>&nbsp;;葡萄的茎攀缘在其他物体上生长,叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">攀缘茎</span><span>&nbsp;;红薯的茎平卧地面蔓延生长,叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">匍匐茎</span><span>&nbsp;。</span><br><br><span>12、任何植物的茎上都有&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">“节”</span><span>,它是茎最本质的特征。</span><br><br><span>13、在植物生长过程中,花要经历花开花谢的过程,花凋谢后结果。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">花</span><span>包括&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">萼片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊</span><span>&nbsp;等部分。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; ">果实&nbsp;</span><span>是由花的一部分发育而成的。果实中有种子&nbsp;。</span><br><br><span>14、凤仙花的主要生长过程为&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">种子、发芽、生长、开花、结果、果实成熟</span><span>&nbsp;这几个阶段。</span><br><br><span>15、植物生长会发育出&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子</span><span>&nbsp;等器官。植物生长发育需要&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">阳光、土壤、适宜的水分和温度</span><span>。</span><br><br></div>{$setpage}<div><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>第二单元《动物的生命周期》</strong></div><br><span>1、所有动物都要经历&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">出生、生长发育、繁殖到衰老直至死</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ; ">亡</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;</span><span>的全过程,这个过程就是它们的&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">生命周期</span><span>。蚕的生命周期大约是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">56</span><span>天。</span><br><br><span>2、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">鸡、&nbsp;鸭、青蛙、乌龟</span><span>等动物都产卵。蚕的生命是从</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;卵&nbsp;</span><span>开始的。</span><br><br><span>3、观察蚕:蚕卵&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">近似圆形</span><span>,看上去很像小米粒,宽约1毫米,厚约0.&nbsp;5毫米。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">刚产下</span><span>的蚕卵是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">淡黄色或黄色</span><span>的,经1-2天变成淡红、浅褐,再经3-4天变成灰绿或紫黑色,以后不再发生变化。蚕卵的中心处是凹下去。有黄色的卵,那可能是未受精的卵,是不会孵出小蚕来的。如果是白色的,那是已经孵出小蚕的空卵壳,如果仔细观察,在空卵壳上还会发现有小孔。</span><br><br><span>小蚕与其他动物一样,也是需要一定生活条件的,我们要满足它的生活条件,它才会生长得好。如需要空气、需要食物、需要一定的温度等。养蚕的盒盖上要扎小孔,给蚕提供空气。养蚕适宜的温度是室温。</span><br><br><span>4、小蚕爱吃桑叶,桑叶要新鲜并保持干燥,切成碎片或条。它一出卵就要及时用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">鸡毛</span><span>或</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">毛笔</span><span>&nbsp;轻轻地把它刷到桑叶上。刚从卵里出来的蚕是</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚕的幼虫</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>5、蚕生长到一定的阶段,会长出新皮,换下旧皮,这叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蜕皮</span><span>。蚕宝宝一生共蜕皮</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;4</span><span>次。蚕的一生共蜕皮</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;6&nbsp;</span><span>次</span><br><br><span>6、在蚕要吐丝前,它不怎么吃叶子,且身体开始</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">发黄发亮</span><span>。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚕蛹</span><span>被茧包裹,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">茧</span><span>能起到</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">保护蛹</span><span>的作用。蚕茧是由</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">一根丝</span><span>组成的,蚕丝可以织成丝绸或被加工成各种丝织品</span><br><br><span>7、蚕蛹经过10天-15天,会变成蚕蛾,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚕蛾是蚕的成虫</span><span>,分雌蛾和雄蛾。雌蛾和雄蛾交配后,雌蛾产卵繁殖后代。每只雌蛾大约产300-500粒卵。</span><br><br><span>8、蚕的一生经历了&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">卵、蚕、蛹</span><span>和</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚕蛾&nbsp;</span><span>四种形态。</span><br><br><span>9、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚕蛾</span><span>的身体分为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">头、胸、腹&nbsp;</span><span>三部分。蚕蛾的头上长着&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">1</span><span>&nbsp;对触角,胸部长着&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">2</span><span>&nbsp;对翅、&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">3</span><span>&nbsp;对足。</span><br><br><span>像蚕蛾这样的小动物我们称它为&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">昆虫</span><span>,我还知道&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚂蚁、蜜蜂、螳螂、蚊子、蝴蝶、苍蝇、蜻蜓</span><span>等都昆虫。</span><br><br><span>10、刚出生的蚕宝宝像黑色的小蚂蚁,所以称它为&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蚁蚕</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>11、有些动物幼年期和成年期的样子很不相同,从一种形态变成了另外一种形态,这种变化称为&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">变态</span><span>。</span><span>变态是</span><span>昆虫生长发育过程中一个重要现象。经历“卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫”四个时期称为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">完全变态</span><span>。只经历“卵、幼虫、成虫”三个时期的称为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">不完全变态</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>12、动物:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">卵生</span><span>:从卵孵化而来。如鸡、蝴蝶、鸟、蜻蜓、鱼……</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">胎生</span><span>:由母亲直接生下来。如山羊、狗、熊猫……</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">变态:</span><span>幼年期与成年期差别太大。如蜻蜓、蝴蝶、蟾蜍……</span><br><br><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">不变态:</span><span>幼年期与成年期差别不大。如鸡、山羊、熊猫、鱼……</span><br><br><span>13、其他动物的生命周期</span><br> <table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td><br>动物名称<br></td><td><br>生命周期<br></td><td><br>生命周期的时间<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>鸡<br></td><td><br>卵—&gt;雏鸡—&gt;成鸡<br></td><td><br>约14年&nbsp;&nbsp;<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>蝴蝶<br></td><td><br>卵—&gt;幼虫—&gt;蛹—&gt;成虫<br></td><td><br>约20年<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>蜻蜓<br></td><td><br>卵—&gt;幼虫—&gt;成虫<br></td><td><br>约1年<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>山羊<br></td><td><br>小羊—&gt;成羊<br></td><td><br>约15年<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>鱼<br></td><td><br>卵—&gt;幼鱼—&gt;成年鱼<br></td><td><br>约50年<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><span>14、人的周期:</span><br><br><span>l&nbsp;</span><span>15岁以前都叫</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">儿童</span><span>(其中不满1岁的为婴儿,12岁一15岁的为少年)</span><br><br><span>l&nbsp;</span><span>16岁一35岁为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">青年</span><br><br><span>l&nbsp;</span><span>35岁一60岁为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">中年</span><br><br><span>l&nbsp;</span><span>60岁以后为</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">老年</span><br><br></div>{$setpage}<div><br><br><span><strong>第三单元《温度与水的变化》</strong></span><br><br><span>1、物体的冷热程度叫&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">温度&nbsp;</span><span>,通常用摄氏度</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;℃&nbsp;</span><span>来表示。物体的温度可以用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">温度计&nbsp;</span><span>测量。</span><br><br><span>2、常用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">液体温度计&nbsp;</span><span>是利用玻璃管内的&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">液注随温度变化而上升和下降&nbsp;</span><span>来测量温度的</span><br><br><span>3、温度计主要有&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">玻璃管、玻璃泡、刻度</span><span>三部分组成;刻度(0</span><span>℃</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;37</span><span>℃</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;-5</span><span>℃</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span>&nbsp;-10</span><span>℃</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>,会读、会写)</span><br><br><span>水温计:刻度范围在-20</span><span>℃</span><span>——110</span><span>℃</span><br><br><span>4、对一个物体来说,物体失去热量,温度&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">下降</span><span>&nbsp;;物体获得热量,温度&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">上升</span><span>&nbsp;,通过测量一个物体的温度变化可以知道这个物体失去热量还是获得热量。</span><br><br><span>5、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">测量水温的方法</span><span>:①手拿温度计的上端。②将温度计下端浸入水中,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">不能碰</span><span>到容器的底与壁。③视线与温度计</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">液面持平</span><span>。④在液柱不再上升或下降时读数。⑤读数时温度计</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">不能离开</span><span>被测的水。</span><br><br><span>6、当环境温度低于0℃,水的温度下降到0℃时,水开始</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">结冰</span><span>,从液体状态变成了</span><span>固体状态</span><span>。水在</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">结冰过程中,要向周围放出热量</span><span>。当环境温度高于0℃,冰的温度升至0℃时开始</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">融化</span><span>;冰在融化过程中,温度会长时间保持在0℃,直至完全融化成水。</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">冰在融化过程中,要从周围吸收热量</span><span>,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">热量</span><span>是使水的状态发生变化的重要因素</span><br><br><span>7、冰与水的相同点和不同点:</span><br><br><span>冰和水的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">共同点</span><span>:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">无色</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">无味道</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">无气味</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">透明</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>冰和水的</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">不同点</span><span>:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">冰有固定形状水没有固定形状</span><span>;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">冰不会流动水会流动</span><span>;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">冰是固体水是液体</span><span>。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><br><span>8、让冰融化速度快的方法有:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">加热</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">在太阳下晒</span><span>、</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">用手捂</span><br><br><span>6、水变成水蒸气的过程叫做&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蒸发</span><span>,水蒸气变成水的过程叫做&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">凝结</span><span>。水变成冰的过程叫做&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">凝固</span><span>。&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">加热</span><span>、&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">吹风</span><span>&nbsp;能加快蒸发。</span><br><br><span>7、水在自然界中有&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">液态、固态、气态&nbsp;</span><span>三种存在状态,水的状态变化与&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">温度</span><span>&nbsp;有关。水的三种状态之间可以互相转化,这使水在自然界中产生了</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">循环运动</span><span>。</span><br> <table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td><br>水的形态<br></td><td><br>变化的过程<br></td><td><br>变化的条件<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>霜<br></td><td><br>水蒸气(气体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;冰晶(固体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以下<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>雪<br></td><td><br>水蒸气(气体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;冰晶(固体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以下<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>冰<br></td><td><br>水(液体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;冰晶(固体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以下<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>露<br></td><td><br>水蒸气(气体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水(液体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以上<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>云<br></td><td><br>水蒸气(气体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水(液体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以上<br></td></tr><tr><td><br>雾<br></td><td><br>水蒸气(气体)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;水(液体)<br></td><td><br>温度降到0℃以上<br></td></tr></tbody></table> <br><span>8、装满碎冰的玻璃杯外壁上有许多小水珠,这些小水珠从哪里来?</span><br><br><span>空气中有大量的水蒸气,盛冰的玻璃杯使它周围的空气中的水蒸气冷却下来,因而在杯壁上凝结成了小水滴。</span><br><br><span>9、如果在冰中加入大量的盐,会有什么现象发生?</span><br><br><span>冰中放盐后温度会迅速降低,大约在-7℃左右。</span><br><br><span>10、江河中的水日夜不停地流入海洋,海洋里的水却总也不会溢出来,江河里的水也一直流不完,这是什么原因?</span><br><br><span>江河湖海里的水在太阳的照射下,会变成大量的水蒸气蒸发到空中,水蒸气在高空受冷凝结成小水滴或小冰晶,这就是云,云随风飘动,当云中的小水滴或小冰晶越聚越多,就会降落下来,形成雨或雪,雨水汇成小溪,流入江河湖海。</span><br><br></div>{$setpage}<div><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>第四单元&nbsp;&nbsp;《磁铁》</strong></div><br><span>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;磁铁有各种各样的形状,常见的有&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">环形磁铁、饼形磁铁、条形磁铁</span><span>和</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">蹄形磁铁&nbsp;</span><span>等。</span><br><br><span>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;磁铁具有一些特殊的性质,如磁铁能吸铁,被广泛地利用在许多方面:</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;冰箱门的封条、门吸、悬浮式列车、铅笔盒、皮包、指南针</span><span>等。</span><br><br><span>3、磁铁能吸引铁制的物体,这种性质叫</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">磁性</span><span>。</span><br><br><span>4、能被磁铁吸引的物体的共同特点:不都是用铁制成的,可以是镍、钴等。</span><br><br><span>不能被磁铁吸引的物体的共同特点:都不是用铁制成的。</span><br><br><span>5、磁铁隔着一些物体</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;水、纸、木板、衣服</span><span>等也能吸铁。</span><br><br><span>6、用小钢珠磁铁的中间,观察到这样的现象:小钢珠总向磁铁的一端滚动。</span><br><br><span>7、磁铁上磁力最强的部分叫</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;磁极&nbsp;</span><span>,磁铁有</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;两&nbsp;</span><span>个磁极。并且不管是什么形状的磁铁都有</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;两&nbsp;</span><span>个磁极。</span><br><br><span>8、两个磁极接近</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">,&nbsp;同极&nbsp;</span><span>相斥,</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">&nbsp;异极&nbsp;</span><span>相吸。</span><br><br><span>9、一个能够自由移动的磁铁,静止时,磁铁的一端总是指向南方,是&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">南极&nbsp;</span><span>,用</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">S</span><span>&nbsp;表示;另一端总是指向北方,是&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">北极</span><span>&nbsp;,用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">N</span><span>&nbsp;表示。</span><br><br><span>10、各种形状的磁铁都有&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">南、北极&nbsp;</span><span>),并且当磁铁断成几节后,每一节都有两个极:南极和北极</span><br><br><span>11、磁铁总会指向南北方向,因为地球本身就是一个大磁体。</span><br><br><span>12、两个或多个磁铁结合在一起,磁力大小会发生改变。把磁铁吸合在一起磁力变大&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">增强、增大</span><span>&nbsp;,把相互排斥的磁铁捆绑在一起,磁力会变小&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">减弱、减小</span><span>&nbsp;。</span><br><br><span>13、2000多年前,我国古代人们用磁石制成司南,是世界上最早的指南针,它的勺柄指向南方。</span><br><br><span>14、900多年前,人们把铁片和钢针磁化,制作出了指南鱼和水浮式指南针。</span><br><br><span>15、指南针是利用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">磁铁能指南北的性质</span><span>&nbsp;制成的指示方向的仪器。</span><br><br><span>16、做磁针可以用&nbsp;</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">磁铁摩擦钢针</span><span>&nbsp;的方法:用磁铁的磁极在钢针上(</span><span style=" font-weight:bold; ">沿一个方向</span><span>)摩擦,重复做20-30次。</span><br><br><span>17、检测磁针南北极的方法有:</span><br><br><span>(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;用指南针</span><br><br><span>(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;悬挂法</span><br><br><span>(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;用已知南北极的磁铁</span><br></div>