<div><strong>一、词类：</strong></div><div><br></div><div>（一）动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。</div><div><br></div><div>（1）行为动词</div><div><br></div><div>原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：</div><div><br></div><div>（2）be动词</div><div><br></div><div>a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。</div><div><br></div><div>b、肯定和否定句 </div><div><br></div><div>I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. </div><div><br></div><div>c、 一般疑问句 Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. </div><div><br></div><div>is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。</div><div><br></div><div>was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。</div><div><br></div><div>（3）情态动词</div><div><br></div><div>can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）</div><div><br></div><div>（二）名词</div><div><br></div><div>这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。</div><div><br></div><div>1).规则变化</div><div><br></div><div>①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens等。</div><div><br></div><div>②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es.如bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches. </div><div><br></div><div>③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babies. </div><div><br></div><div>④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。</div><div><br></div><div>⑤以o结尾的名词，除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos.</div><div><br></div><div>2).不规则变化</div><div><br></div><div>man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth,，child-children，mouse→mice</div><div><br></div><div>单复数形式相同如：sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese等。 </div><div><br></div><div>有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police等。</div><div><br></div><div>由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：a man doctor →two men doctors a woman teacher→some women teachers 但: apple tree→apple trees</div><div><br></div><div>有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。 </div><div><br></div><div>⑥数词+名词作定语时， 常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday,</div><div><br></div><div>an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes’ walk, two days’ leave等。</div><div><br></div><div>3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。</div><div><br></div><div>①用much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修饰不可数名词。如：</div><div><br></div><div>The rich man has a lot of money.</div><div><br></div><div>②可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词， 如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, </div><div><br></div><div>a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><strong>点击此处下载：</strong><a href="//www.szxuexiao.com/down.asp?fileurl=201205_204827_086415204" target="_blank">PEP人教版小学五年级英语下学期英语语法知识复习</a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
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